ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION UNITED E NATIONS Economic and Social Distr. Council GENERAL E/C.12/KHM/1 2 December 2008 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Forty-first Pre-sessional Working Group Geneva, 24 - 28 November 2008 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Initial reports submitted by States parties under articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant CAMBODIA* [10 November 2008] * In accordance with the information transmitted to States parties regarding the processing of their reports, the present document was not formally edited before being sent to the United Nations translation services. E/C.12/KHM/1 page 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................5 I. GENERAL SITUATION..................................................................................................................5 II. BRIEF POLITICAL BACKGROUND: ........................................................................................10 III. STATE INFRASTRUCTURE .....................................................................................................11 IV. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE..................................................................................................12 V. LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL AUTHORITY ................................................12 VI. GENERAL JURISDICTION FRAMEWORK TO PROTECT HUMAN RIGHTS ....................13 ARTICLE 1: SELF-DETERMINATION ..................................................................................................15 I. AGRICULTURE ............................................................................................................................15 II. INDUSTRIAL AND HANDICRAFT SECTORS.........................................................................16 III. TOURISM....................................................................................................................................17 IV. PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION..........................................................................17 ARTICLE 2: GUARANTEES FOR THE EXERCISE OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS ....................................................................................................................................................................20 I. RIGHT TO PROPER LIVING .......................................................................................................22 II. RIGHT TO POLITICS ..................................................................................................................23 III. RIGHT TO EMPLOYMENT AND CHOICE OF EMPLOYMENT...........................................23 IV. RIGHT TO OWN PERSONAL PROPERTY..............................................................................24 V. RIGHT TO MARRIAGE AND FAMILY.....................................................................................25 ARTICLE 3: EQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN..................................................................27 I. ECONOMIC RIGHTS....................................................................................................................28 II. SOCIAL RIGHTS .........................................................................................................................28 III. CULTURAL RIGHTS .................................................................................................................29 IV. MEASURES OF THE GOVERNMENT.....................................................................................32 ARTICLE 4: LIMITATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTRAL RIGHTS..............................32 ARTICLE 5................................................................................................................................................35 ARTICLE 6: RIGHT TO WORK ..............................................................................................................36 I. CONVENTION ..............................................................................................................................36 II. THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS ...........................................................................................36 III. ECONOMIC ACTIVISTS AND LABOUR FORCES ................................................................37 IV. EMPLOYMENT RATE, INSUFFICIENT EMPLOYMENT RATE AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ............................................................................................................................................................39 IV. EMPLOYMENTS BY SECTORS...............................................................................................40 V. FLEXIBLE WORKERS................................................................................................................41 VI. FOREIGN AID ............................................................................................................................43 VII. MEASURES ...............................................................................................................................43 VIII. OBJECTIVE..............................................................................................................................44 ARTICLE 7: RIGHT TO DECENT WORKING CONDITIONS .............................................................45 I. CONSTITUTION AND LAWS .....................................................................................................45 II. MINIMUM WAGE .......................................................................................................................45 III. PRACTICE...................................................................................................................................46 IV. JOB DISCRIMINATION ............................................................................................................48 V. PRACTICE....................................................................................................................................49 VI. RIGHT TO SOCIAL SECURITY ...............................................................................................49 VII. RIGHT TO SOCIAL PROTECTION AND SAFETY ...............................................................50 VIII. PRACTICE................................................................................................................................50 IX. EQUAL RIGHT TO LABOUR BENEFITS................................................................................51 X. PAID LEAVE................................................................................................................................51 XI. OBSTACLE.................................................................................................................................52 XII. MEASURES ...............................................................................................................................53 ARTICLE 8: RIGHT TO FORM TRADE UNIONS.................................................................................53 I. COVENANT AND CONVENTION..............................................................................................53 II. CONSTITUTION AND LAWS ....................................................................................................54 III. RIGHT TO TRADE UNION OPERATION................................................................................55 IV. PRACTICE ..................................................................................................................................55 E/C.12/KHM/1 page 3 V. RIGHT TO STRIKE......................................................................................................................56 VI. PRACTICE ..................................................................................................................................57 VII. MEASURE .................................................................................................................................57 ARTICLE 9: RIGHT TO SOCIAL SECURITY........................................................................................58 I. HEALTH CARE AND TREATMENT ..........................................................................................59 II. SUPPORT FOR WORK-RELATED ACCIDENT .......................................................................60 III. SUPPORT FOR MATERNITY ...................................................................................................61 IV. SUPPORT FOR OLD AGED PEOPLE.......................................................................................61 V. SUPPORT FOR PHYSICAL DISABILITY .................................................................................63 ARTICLE 10: PROTECTION OF MOTHERS AND INFANTS.............................................................67 I. MATERNAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM .....................................................................................68 II. AGE OF LEGAL PERSON AND HEALTH CARE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTHS ............69 III. CHILD HEALTH CARE AND YOUTH REHABILITATION...................................................73 ARTICLE 11, PARAGRAPH 1: GENERAL CONDITIONS OF RIGHT TO DECENT STANDARD OF LIVING ....................................................................................................................................................................75 I. MULTIPLE SCOPES OF