NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Neo-Tectonic and Rock Magnetic Study of the Circum Troodos Sedimentary Succession, Cyprus Sutwnitîed in pafîial fulfilment of ttie requirements for the degree of Supervisoc Dr. Gnham J. Bmdaik ûepactment of Geology îaketuaâ University fhunôiw Bay, OMo Canada November, 1999 National Library Bibliotheque nationale du Canada uhitions and Acquisitions et "1Bib bgiaphic Senticem ssrvices bibliographiques The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une Licence non exclusive licence aîiowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distn'bute or sel reproduire, prêter, distn'buer ou copies of diis thesis in microform, venâre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fiim, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substautiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Cana! The Ciram Trwdor Seâimentary Sucassion (Lata Cretaceous to Recent) overlies the Tmodos ophiolite of Cypnis, located in Vn, Eastern Witemnean. The pattern d neo-tedonic ddarmooon wm immtigated thmgh megnetic analysis of the t8donic ptdbrks. kiirobopy of maqidic mœpüôility (AM), anisotmpy of anhyWmüc remmema mognetization (AARM) and hysteresis bop parameters were detemu'ned in orckr to define the mgnetic faMc and the magnetic mineralogy. The study amWmds oviw approximately 1ûûû km2 mainly to the south of the exposed TlOOdOs ophiolite. The ample suite indudes 432 oriented hand samples, predominantly of the Ll(kwr and Pakhna Formations. Field measurementr indicatm Wingpredominantly dips less than 10' to the south, whik deavage, dips atmthan ôedding in various directions. The ôeddin@mmfp mlationthip yialds variable vei'@enœdirections suggemting gmity diding d the seâimmb tamûs kcil dmbasins. Southest of th Limassol Fmst Black abalplanar deavage msistmtly defines a SW vqpnœ . with impact to bedcâing due to r locally diit, Euly to Middle Miocem compression along NNE to NE - SSW to SW uzimuth. The AMS fabric, in part tedmic, ir controlled by the pmfed mmy a##. AMS (blhtion pdémüdîy dipr rhsllowly to the east and wst. AMS linedion v- rqionelly, fmm west to eut rcmu the study ana, fiom a NNE to NNW tmh, ~*wty.Tb bdmk AMS tacngistem aithof a late Mim sprPrubducbjon extension regime due to -rd migration d the nadivation Cypman Arc or due to Pkiatocme gravity rliding due to uuplift of Vw, Troodos Ophiolite Cmplex. The AARM ïakic ir amtmlled ecciwively by the preferred dim«uional orMathd pmAo ringk domrin magndite. Erckiding the ana in proximity to the Limasml Forslt Block, thr AARM fabric orientations are ragio~llyconsidont. AARM fdisüar phmm dig 45' to the NW mâ AARM limation is dimted NE and SW, almot orhogoml to AMS Iineatim. In som cases, in proximity to the Limassol Forest, the AARM linrdion mmb from the combined magnetic faMcs, pmlW to deavage and bedding nd is pmIW to the Wingclravage intwwdbn lhmtim. Th. .duil extension direction is to the WNW, ~~ed by the AARY, pfindoplaxes. SouWest d the Litnaud Fmst Blodc the AARM fabric mgisters the Evty to Middle MiiSW- NE campmrrion, and its tedonic expression ir conventibnal, with MAY, oriented NW and SE, parpmdiaikr to the mrnimwn comprsuion direction. iii mir project waa funôad by a N.tunl Sciemas and Engim'ng Rem Council d Cnib(NSERC) grmt to Dr. Gnhvn J. BomQile. The rack magmücs lsborsQry at LaMmâ UrdwMy wir funûd throughout the yeam alw by NSERC. Nunerous people môe thir proje& pouibk and rhould k admwledge. Fint and bmmmt, rny supefviror, Dr. 0.J. Bonadaile for giving me the oppftunity to do thir projrct, for wuiching rny knorniledge of rodc msgneticr, and providing guidance and COC)S~~I~V~crilicirm throughorrt dl stages of this pmjact. I wwld like to awik Or. Xemphnt08 anâ his cdleagws 1th Oedogical Suwey of Cypnis for pmviding informational field examions Mile in Cyprus. Thanks to Gratuam Borndiile for cdIecüng a pnliminry oriented ample suite duhgthe199;1fidd~ndfahiorui~duingthe1998fiddseaon in cdkdingoww4WrpmpkrrdtJikigrmmmxnfldd~.Iwwld Jsa takm by Pdw Puna. 6.3 AARM Rswlts .......................................94 5.3.1 Sh~peandECCdn~dAARMHIipsoid............ 94 6.4 Summary ........................................... 96 7.1 Bedding. Cbvage and Vwganœ ....................... 97 7.1 .1 Olkntafbn mû Regim8/ DiStn'bmn ................ 97 7.1.2 InteqmtaIr'on ................................. 107 7.2 Anirotropy of Magnetic Susmptibility (AMS) ..............111 7.2.1 AMSFOlhtrOn ................................. 111 7.2.2 AMSUitbn ................................ 115 7.2.3 SummuyofAMSFabtfC ........................ 119 7.3 Anirotropy of Anhystefetic Mignaic Remanence (AARM) .... 120 7.3.1 AARMFdhtbn ................................120 7.3.2 AARMtimm ............................... 124 7.3.3 Summaty of AAR# Fabk ....................... 126 7.4 Chrorolo@opl Intwpmbtim ...........................126 7.5 Summsry .......................................... 131 AppmdixA - Wing and Cieavage Data ..................... 145 AppemdixD . Hystemsis Loop anâ Cmcivity of R~~ Data ... 199 vii Chaptew 1 Fig~f~1-1 TWmic terrains d Cyps ........................ 2 Fig~m1-2 Pal-y at Pmin. friruic transition ........ 3 Figum 1-3 Blodc diagram of Mamociia Temin ................... 4 Figure 14 PaImgqmphy of EPrly and Late Cret~c~ous...... 6 Figure 1-5 Gmesis mcbl f6r ttm Troodos ophidite .............. 7 Figure 1.8 Riâge air and tmnrjami fault evoluüon dduig the fmimof the Traodor ophiolite ................... 9 Figun 1-7 Mi~lrtsrOtaim~l......................... 11 Figure 1-8 Paleomagnotic dds of rotation ..................... 12 F~~UVB1-9 ?ment plate tmtonic Ming of the Eastern Madit- ................................. 16 Figum 1-10 Possible ndum tectonic cidivity .................... 18 ChPptw 2 Figure 2-1 p.c.0. devdopmnt by slip and rotation .............. 23 Figum 2-2 Ddmmation mechanim for a mo~nnimlicrock ..... 25 Figum 23 DefMnation mechmiun plot for quark and calcite ..... 29 Figure 24 Cleavage durification ........................... 32 Figure 2-5 Pure ahem vems simple stiear .................... 40 Figure 26 Flinn diagram ..................................43 chaptcw 3 Figum 3-1 Types of ~katim.......................... 52 Figur~3-2 Jelinek plat .................................... 65 . Chiptrr4 Figun 4-1 Histogmm of wwcivity (HJ .................... 70 Figum 4-2 Daypbtofdib ................................ 71 Figura 4-3 HistoQmnd % .......................... 73 Figure 44 FreqtJemy dktri'kiüari. OfIc,..................... 75 viii Chapter 6 Figure 6-1 AARM directions of samplem expad ................ Figure 6-2 Stemognghic proi#iim of AARM mrub .............. Figure 8-3 Contoumd Jdindc plot d AARM msults compared to AMSmwb ..................................... Chapter 7 Figure 7-1 Regional orientation variation of S. masurements ..... 9û Figm 7-2 Regions1 ori~*mvariation of S,, measurements ..... 99 Figub 7-3 Photognph of runpie FU8284 ................... 100 Figure74 MapdmPjorsüuctumIftusrofCyprus .......... 103 Figwo 7-5 Photograph d rniple FL98û31 ................... 104 Figure 74 Phdo~rsphof umpk FL9B117 ................... 105 Figure 7-7 Photograph of mploFM8167 .................... 06 Figure 78 Variation in cleavage vergema directions ........... 107 Figure 7-9 Sauthwvd bench migration modd ................ 109 Figure 7-1 0 Basin anâ high topognphy mode1 .................. 10 Figure 74 1 Regionsl vdBtiCon d AMS foliation ................. 12 Figure 7-1 2 Regional variation dAMS lineation ................. 13 Figure 7-1 3 Variation in AMS vergerics directions ............... 15 Figure744 Rateofmtfwtvm~eofsubduction ............ 118 Figure 7-1 5 Regional variation d AARM foliation ............... 121 Figure 7-1 6 Regionel vwidion of AARM limation ............... 122 Figure 7-1 7 Vwi*rüon in MRM vefgenœ dimcüons ............. 124 Figure 7-1 0 Schmatic illustration d the AARM composite fPbric ...125 Appndoc B Figue 6-1 Distribution d AMS foliation spatial averaging ........ 189 Figure 6-2 Distribution of AMS limation spatial averaging ....... 190 Appemdix C Figure C-1 Distribution d AARM foliation spatial avmging ...... 197 Figure C-2 Distribution d AARM lineation spatial avemging ...... 198 Chapter 1 - Tectonic Evolution of Cyp~s Located in the eastem Mediterranean Sea, the island of Cypnis contains three tectonic terrains: the Kyrenia Temin, the Mamonia Terrain end th Tdos Terrain (Figure 1-1). The purpose of this chapter is to outline chronologically the events which amalgamated these three Tenains to fom the present geological configuration of Cyprus. Tedonic events which would contribute to the evolution of Cyprus began during the Permian. 1.1 Pemlan The palaeogeography during the Pennian places Gondwanaland to the South and Laurasie to the nom separated by the Paleo-Tethys Seo (Figure 1-2). Shallow water limeStones that aeaimulated on the norVmard dipping continental shelf of Gondwanaland are presently exposed in the eastem parts of the Kymnia Terrains. These limestones fmpart d W KBntara F-on and represent the olded rocks in Cypnrs (Romton and Woodcdc, 1Q86). The transition from the Permien to the Triassic was