UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS DA UNICAMP REPOSITÓRIO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTIFICA E INTELECTUAL DA UNICAMP Versão do arquivo anexado / Version of attached file: Versão do Editor / Published Version Mais informações no site da editora / Further information on publisher's website: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2017.1335311 DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2017.1335311 Direitos autorais / Publisher's copyright statement: © by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. DIRETORIA DE TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Barão Geraldo CEP 13083-970 – Campinas SP Fone: (19) 3521-6493 http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br HISTORICAL BIOLOGY, 2018 VOL. 30, NO. 8, 1084–1093 https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1335311 Early twentieth-century paleontological research of Freidrich von Huene: contributions to the knowledge of Late Cretaceous vertebrates of Central Brazil Carlos Roberto A. Candeiroa,b and Silvia Fernanda M. Figueirôac aLaboratório de Paleontologia e Evolução, Curso de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus, Aparecida de Goiânia, Brazil; bPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Política Científica eT ecnológica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; cPrograma de Pós- Graduação Multiunidades em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campus Universitário “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas, Brazil ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Friedrich von Huene’s important scientific research on tetrapod fossils from Central Brazil has received little Received 26 March 2017 attention, even though it represents a significant contribution to early studies of vertebrate paleontology Accepted 24 May 2017 in the country including the first discoveries of dinosaur fossils in Brazil. von Huene described five reptile KEYWORDS taxa in two papers published in important German scientific journals and used these specimens to make von Huene; Central Brazil; paleogeographic inferences regarding the Cretaceous of the Southern Hemisphere. von Huene warrants Upper Cretaceous; vertebrate recognition as the first specialist to describe in detail the fossil reptile fauna of Central Brazil, which was paleontology made possible only by his network of contacts with important and influential naturalists of the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Introduction paleontology – they were the first formal descriptions of Cretaceous taxa from the region – the records described in these The scientific studies of the Triassic by German paleontologist papers would later be assigned to different areas of Gondwana. Friedrich von Huene (1875–1969) during his passages through Furthermore, these studies remained overlooked and rarely cited the Southern Hemisphere are well known; however, his many in paleontological and geological literature, and even in the field important studies of Cretaceous reptiles from Argentina, Brazil, of history of geoscience. India, Madagascar, and Uruguay remain overlooked (Huene 1925, 1927a, 1927b, 1927c, 1928a, 1928b, 1929a, 1929b, 1929c, The prolific scientific life of von Friedrich von Huene is rep- 1929d, 1930, 1933, 1934; Huene & Matley 1933). The most crucial resented by a large legacy of scientific production, in addition to period of Huene’s copious scientific production on Cretaceous his many descriptions of dinosaur specimens. Most of his work dinosaurs was probably between 1920 and 1935, as exempli- on the Cretaceous of Central Brazil, and his research in general, fied by his well-known paper Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del consisted of osteological descriptions, stratigraphic surveys, and Cretáceo Argentino (Huene 1929a), as well as other notable works concise mappings focused exclusively on reptiles. His research (e.g. Huene 1927b, 1927c; Huene & Matley 1933). His remarkable on sauropods (herbivorous dinosaurs), theropods, and crocodyl- study of Cretaceous reptiles of Gondwana brought great visibility iform postcranial remains, projected him onto the national and to the fossil herpetofauna of Argentinian Patagonia. However, international scientific scene as the first paleontologist special- elsewhere in South America, such as his first descriptions of ising on Brazilian Cretaceous archosauromorphs. important fossils from western São Paulo State and from the There remains to date no literature available that specifically Triângulo Mineiro region, have been neglected. analyses the contributions of Friedrich von Huene’s studies of These studies, to a certain extent, followed the pattern used the Brazilian Cretaceous to paleontology and the history of by Huene to describe other specimens with the use drawings geoscience. The researchers who have investigated his scientific and detailed descriptions. His taxonomic assignments were more career have focused almost entirely on his contributions to ver- precise than those of other paleontologists of the time who were tebrate paleontology through his studies of the Cretaceous of publishing studies on Cretaceous fossils from Central Brazil [e.g. Central Brazil (e.g. Candeiro 2011; Candeiro & Figueirôa 2012, Orville Adelbert Derby (1851–1915) and Herbert Huntington 2014; Peyerl et al. 2015), which include some bibliographic sur- Smith (1851–1919)]. Huene published three scientific papers veys. These studies show that – after more than 90 years – the specifically about the Cretaceous of the states of Minas Gerais descriptions of Brazilian fossils made by Huene are still valid. and São Paulo. Despite their importance to South American His pioneering works with reptile remains from the Cretaceous CONTACT Carlos Roberto A. Candeiro [email protected] © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online 16 Jul 2017 HISTORICAL BIOLOGY 1085 of Central Brazil are of great value as part of the historical and Triassic reptiles from the Upper Germanic Trias. In 1902, he scientific legacy of Brazilian paleontology. defended his doctoral thesis, Uebersicht der Reptilien der Trias Based on the literature and sources from the fields of history (An overview of Triassic reptiles) (Huene 1902), in which he of science, geology, and paleontology, the present paper aims described several important new rauisuchid (basal archosaurian) to describe von Huene’s pioneering studies on Late Cretaceous taxa. reptiles of the Bauru Group in western São Paulo state and the The interest and knowledge acquired during his PhD allowed Triângulo Mineiro region conducted between 1920 and 1930. Huene, in his own words, ‘to organize the richness and the diver- sity of the reptilian fauna of the Triassic’ (1902; sic Schultz & Data and research Holz 1996; Holz & Schultz 1998) into works of description and classification. von Huene was interested in evolutionary research All information described herein is based on the studies of the and published treatments of tetrapod evolution and paleoecology German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene performed between (Huene 1956; Reif 1984). 1920 and 1930 describing and depicting the first dinosaurs and other fossil reptiles found in the Bauru Group in the regions of western São Paulo state and the Triângulo Mineiro. The analysis The research of Friedrich von Huene on Cretaceous fossils of original documents followed the hermeneutic method: inves- of South America tigation and interpretation of the information provided by the Friedrich von Huene is renowned as one of the vertebrate pale- sources (Alberti 1996; Seebohm 2004). ontologists who vigorously studied the Mesozoic of Germany, Austria, Italy, and Britain (see Sues 1997; Turner 2011). He had von Huene’s Late Cretaceous reptiles from Central developed a broad professional network among renowned pale- Brazil ontologists from Europe, the United States, and Argentina, which is well evidenced by his abundant correspondence (Figure 1). A short biography of von Huene The interest of von Huene turned to the Late Triassic period Friederich von Hoyningen (original name of the family that was of Europe, especially of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. He later altered to Hüene or Huene; Schultz & Holz 1996) was born greatly expanded previous studies, primarily with records of in the city of Tübingen, Germany, on 22 March 1875. His family Plateosaurus, a prosauropod found in southern Germany. He was from Estonia and, according to Schultz and Holz (1996) and also reviewed all previous classifications of dinosaurs, that col- Turner (2009), is traceable back to the 1600s in this region. His laborated for reassertion and in 1914, based on many osteological mother, Alexandra Baronesse Stackelberg, was from an Estonian characteristics, published a classification system of Saurischia noble family, which enabled Huene to have a good education. and Ornithischia for the dinosaurs that is still widely used today His father, Heinrich A.N. von Hoyningen, was professor of eccle- (see Huene 1908; Sues 1997). siastical history at the Imperial University of Dorpat (current The many descriptions Huene produced of reptile species Tartu, second largest city of Estonia) and, later, was professor from the Mesozoic of Africa, India, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, at the University of Basel, Switzerland (Rieth 1977; Reif & Lux and Australia illustratedhis great interest in the fauna of ancient 1987; Turner 2009). Heinrich received the nobility title ‘Freiherr’ Gondwana (see Huene 1927b, 1927c, 1929c, 1929d, 1930, 1931, (equivalent to Baron) due to his significant ecclesiastical work 1933; Mohabey 2011; Holz 2012) – although now many