.RSTS/E DCL User's Guide Order No. AA-L426B-TC March 1983 This manual describes the use of DCL (the DIGITAL Command Language) on RSTS/E . It includes general information about RSTS/E, provides rules for using DCL, and describes DCL commands in file, system, and programming operations. OPERATING SYSTEM AND VERSION : RSTS/E V8.0 digital equipment corporation, maynard, massachusetts The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation . Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by DIGITAL or its affiliated companies . Copyright © 1981, 1983 by Digital Equipment Corporation . All Rights Reserved. The postage-paid READER'S COMMENTS form on the last page of this docu- ment requests your critical evaluation to assist us in preparing future documenta- tion. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation : TM DECwriter RSTS d 8 g 8008 DIBOL RSX MASSBUS UNIBUS DECmate PDP VAX DECsystem-10 P/OS VMS DECSYSTEM-20 Professional VT DECUS DEC Rainbow Work Processor Commercial Engineering Publications typeset this manual using DIGITAL's TMS-1 1 Text Management System . Contents Page Preface ix Summary of Technical Changes xii Using RSTS/E Becoming a RSTS/E User 1-1 Your PPN 1-1 Your Password 1-2 Using the Terminal (CTRL, DELETE, RETURN Keys) 1-2 Beginning a Session at Your Terminal 1-5 The DCL Keyboard Monitor 1-7 Getting Information About Commands: HELP 1-8 Ending a Session at the Terminal : LOGOUT 1-10 Exceeding Your Disk Quota 1-11 Using Commands 1-12 Using Privileged DCL Commands 1-12 Using DCL Commands From Non-DCL Environments 1-12 Using DCL Qualifiers 1-13 Using CCL Commands from the DCL Environment 1-13 Maintaining Files 1-14 Accounts, Directories, and Files 1-14 Putting Files into Your Directory 1-15 Displaying Your Files 1-15 File Specifications 1-16 DCL File Specification Restrictions 1-17 File Names and Types 1-18 Protection Codes 1-20 Wildcards 1-20 Running a Program 1-21 DECnet/E and You 1-21 Displaying Network Status : SHOW NETWORK 1-23 Using the Network : SET HOST 1-23 Network File Specifications 1-24 Using DCL Commands Understanding Command Formats 2-1 Entering Commands 2-4 Continuing Commands on More than One Line 2-5 Entering Comments 2-6 Abbreviating Keywords 2-6 Abbreviating Command Names 2-7 Abbreviating Parameters, Qualifiers, and Qualifier Arguments 2-7 Abbreviations in Batch Control Files 2-7 111 Entering File Specification Lists 2-7 Entering Job Specification Lists 2-8 Entering Qualifiers 2-8 Determining Qualifier Defaults 2-9 Entering Qualifier Arguments 2-9 Entering Output File Qualifiers 2-9 Entering Uppercase, Lowercase, and Nonalphanumeric Characters 2-10 Entering Numeric Values 2-11 Entering Dates and Times 2-12 The /BEFORE, /SINCE, and /AFTER Qualifiers 2-12 Date Formats 2-12 Time Formats 2-13 Combinations of Dates and Times 2-13 Syntax 2-13 Examples 2-14 Working with Files Creating and Modifying Text Files 3-3 CREATE 3-3 EDIT 3-6 Displaying File Names and Files 3-11 DIRECTORY 3-11 TYPE 3-19 Deleting Files : DELETE 3-22 Copying, Renaming, and Appending Files 3-26 COPY 3-26 RENAME 3-35 APPEND 3-38 Printing Files 3-41 PRINT . 3-41 SHOW QUEUE 3-48 SET QUEUE /JOB 3-52 SET QUEUE/ ENTRY 3-55 DELETE /JOB 3-57 DELETE/ENTRY 3-59 Comparing Files : DIFFERENCES 3-61 Allowing Access to Your Files : SET PROTECTION 3-65 Using Protection Codes 3-65 SET PROTECTION 3-68 System Operations Using the System 4-2 SHOW 4-2 SET 4-3 iv Displaying System Status 4-3 Attached and Detached Jobs 4-6 Restoring a Disconnected Dial-up Line 4-7 SHOW USERS 4-8 SHOW SYSTEM 4-10 Specifying a Terminal's Characteristics 4-11 SHOW TERMINAL 4-15 SET TERMINAL 4-16 SET TERMINAL Error Messages 4-22 Physical Device Names and Logical Names 4-24 Physical Device Names 4-24 Logical Names 4-25 Advantages of Using Logical Names 4-25 Logical Names and Devices 4-25 System-Wide and User Logicals 4-26 Numbers of Logical Names 4-26 Physical File Specifications 4-26 How to Override Name Precedence 4-27 ASSIGN 4-28 DEASSIGN 4-30 Working with Devices Physical Device Names 5-1 Devices You Can Reserve 5-3 Assigning and Allocating Devices 5-3 Device Independence 5-4 Public and Private Disks 5-4 The Public Disk Structure 5-5 Private Disks 5-5 Magnetic Tapes and Files 5-5 Protection of Files on Tapes 5-6 Tape Density 5-6 ANSI and DOS Format 5-6 ALLOCATE 5-8 DEALLOCATE 5-9 MOUNT 5-10 INITIALIZE 5-13 DISMOUNT 5-15 REQUEST 5-17 SHOW DEVICES 5-18 Batch Processing 00 What Batch Is 6-2 Batch and Pseudo Keyboards 6-2 Using the Batch Facility 6-3 Batch Examples 6-4 Using Batch Commands 6-10 $JOB /DCL 6-11 $DATA 6-13 $EOD 6-13 $EOJ 6-13 $MESSAGE 6-14 Batch Error Procedures 6-15 Severity of Batch Errors 6-15 Submitting and Controlling Batch Jobs 6-16 The Batch Queue 6-16 SUBMIT 6-17 SHOW QUEUE (Batch Only) 6-21 SET QUEUE (Batch Only) 6-23 SET QUEUE /JOB 6-23 SET QUEUE/ ENTRY 6-26 DELETE /JOB (Batch only) 6-27 DELETE/ENTRY (Batch Only) 6-28 L Program Development Developing Programs on RSTS/E 7-1 Overview 7-2 Editing 7-3 Compiling 7-3 Linking 7-3 Combining Modules 7-4 Relocating Addresses 7-4 Testing 7-4 The RT11 and RSX Tools 7-5 RT11-Based Programming 7-5 RSX-Based Programming 7-6 BASIC 7-7 COBOL 7-8 DIBOL 7-13 FORTRAN 7-15 FORTRAN / F77 7-16 FORTRAN /FOR 7-19 MACRO 7-22 LINK 7-24 Overview 7-25 Input File List 7-26 Simple (Non-Overlaid) Linking 7-26 Overlaid Linking 7-27 Language Qualifiers 7-27 Forms Management System (FMS) Qualifier 7-28 Debugging Qualifier 7-29 Description Qualifier 7-30 Address Space and Library Qualifiers 7-30 Vi Output File Qualifiers 7-31 Overlay Qualifier 7-32 When You Can Use /STRUCTURE 7-32 When Must You Use Overlays? 7-33 What Are Overlays? 7-33 Rules for Constructing Overlays 7-34 The /STRUCTURE Dialogue 7-36 The Memory Map File 7-39 The Temporary Files Produced by LINK 7-41 RUN 7-42 A DCL Command Summary EEDD)~ DCL Error Messages Differences Between DCL on RSTS/E and VMS Glossary Index Figures 1-1 LA36 and VT100 Terminals 1-2 1-2 Display of Help Text 1-8 1-3 RSTS/E Help Text 1-9 2-1 The COPY Command Format 2-3 6-1 Comparison of Batch and Interactive Processing 6-3 6-2 Batch File RUNTAP. LOG 6-7 6-3 Batch File EMPLOY. LOG 6-9 7-1 Outlining the Call Structure 7-33 7-2 A Simple Overlay in Memory 7-34 7-3 Separate Paths in An Overlay Structure 7-35 7-4 Allocating Space for Common Areas 7-36 7-5 Overlay Structure Using Concatenated Files 7-38 7-6 Sample from a Memory Map File 7-40 Tables 1-1 Special Characters on RSTS/E 1-5 1-2 RSTS/E File Types 1-19 2-1 Terms Used in Command Formats 2-2 2-2 Nonalphanumeric Characters 2-11 3-1 Commands for File Operations 3-1 3-2 File Protection Codes 3-66 3-3 Common File Protection Codes 3-67 4-1 System Operation Commands 4-1 4-2 SHOW Command Options 4-2 4-3 SET Command Options 4-3 4-4 SHOW USER and SHOW SYSTEM Abbreviations 4-4 vii 4-5 SHOW TERMINAL Characteristics 4-12 4-6 Default Characteristics for Terminals 4-17 4-7 Error Messages for Terminal Characteristics 4-23 5-1 Commands for Using Devices 5-1 5-2 RSTS/E Physical Device Names 5-2 5-3 Abbreviations in a SHOW DEVICES Display 5-19 6-1 Batch Processing Commands 6-1 6-2 Severity Standard in Error Messages 6-15 7-1 Program Development Commands 7-1 7-2 Program Development Commands on RSTS/E 7-5 7-3 Relationship Between Language Qualifier, Source Language, and Linker . 7-26 A-1 DCL Command Summary A-1 A-2 Batch Command Summary A-3 B-1 General Error Messages B-1 B-2 LINK Error Messages B-13 B-3 BATCH Error Messages B-15 C-1 Differences Between DCL on RSTS/E and VMS C-1 Preface Document Objectives This manual explains the use of DCL (the DIGITAL Command Language) on RSTS/E and then describes each DCL command . A glossary of DCL and RSTS/E terminology is provided at the end . You can use the commands in this manual for such operations as working with files, getting information about the system and its devices, running batch jobs, and devel- oping programs. Intended Audience Although some familiarity with computers is helpful, you do not need to be an experi- enced computer user or programmer to use this manual . Related Documents If you need information on fundamental RSTS/E concepts, refer to the RSTS/E Primer.