INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7th JOINT INTERNATIONAL SESSION FOR PRESIDENTS OR DIRECTORS OF NATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMIES AND OFFICIALS OF NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEES 22 – 29/4/2004 12th INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OLYMPIC STUDIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS 10/6 – 10/7/2004 ANCIENT OLYMPIA GREECE Published and edited by the International Olympic Academy Scientific Supervisor: Dr Konstantinos Georgiadis, IOA Dean Athens 2005 EPHORIA OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY President Nikos FILARETOS (I.O.C. Member) 1st Vice-President Lambis NIKOLAOU (I.O.C. Member) Dean Konstantinos GEORGIADIS Members Dimitris DIATHESSOPOULOS Stelios AGELOUDIS Leonidas VAROUXIS Konstantinos KARTALIS Emmanuel KATSIADAKIS Fani PALLI PETRALIA Andreas FOURAS Juan Antonio SAMARANCH Honorary President Honorary Vice-President Nikolaos YALOURIS THE HELLENIC OLYMPIC COMMITTEE President Lambis NIKOLAOU (I.O.C. Member) 1st Vice-President Spyros ZANNIAS 2nd Vice-President Freddy SERPIERIS Secretary General Dimitris DIATHESSOPOULOS Treasurer Athanassios BELIGRATIS Deputy Secretary General Athanassios PRAGALOS Deputy Treasurer Andreas ARVANITIS Member ex-officio Nikos FILARETOS (I.O.C. Member) - 5 - Members Stelios AGELOUDIS Ioannis VASSILIADIS Pyrros DIMAS Dimitris DIMITROPOULOS Ilias DIAMANDIS Theodoros THEODORIDIS Pavlos KANELLAKIS Emmanouel KATSIADAKIS Emmanuel KOLYMBADIS Georgios LISSARIDIS Thomas MEDESSIDIS Panayotis MITSIOPOULOS Fani PALLI-PETRALIA Ioannis PANTELIDIS Ioannis PAPADOYANNAKIS Paraskevi PATOULIDOU Konstantinos PAVLOYANNIS Ioannis SGOUROS Vassilis SEVASTIS Christos SMYRLIS-LIAKATAS Georgios TSOGAS Andreas FOURAS Georgios HALKIDIS Theodoros HAMAKOS Theodoros CHRONOPOULOS - 6 - IOC COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND OLYMPIC EDUCATION Chairman Zhenliang HE (CHN) Vice Chairman Nikos FILARETOS (GRE) Members Vittorio ADORNI (ITA) Fernando F. Lima BELLO (POR) Valeriy BORZOV (UKR) Helen BROWNLEE (AUS) Charmaine CROOKS (CAN) Iván DIBOS (PER) Conrado DURÁNTEZ (ESP) Kostas GEORGIADIS (GRE) Nat INDRAPANA (THA) Karl LENNARTZ (GER) Marc MAES (BEL) Alicia MASONI de MOREA (ARG) Samih MOUDALLAL (SYR) Norbert MÜLLER (GER) Roque-Napoléon MUÑOZ-PEÑA (DOM) Carol MUSHETT (USA) Mohamed MZALI (TUN) Lambis V. NIKOLAOU (GRE) Francis Were NYANGWESO (UGA) - 7 - Robert PARIENTE (FRA) Sam RAMSAMY (RSA) Thomas P. ROSANDICH (USA) Mounir SABET (EGY) Henri SÉRANDOUR (FRA) Klaus SCHORMANN (GER) Ching-Kuo WU (TPE) - 8 - FOREWORD Report on the IOA’s Special Sessions and Seminars 2004 This edition includes the rich material for research on the Olympic Movement, the Olympic Games and Olympism of the proceedings of two I.O.A. special sessions, the 7th Joint International Session for Presidents or Directors of NOAs and Officials of NOCs and the 12th International Seminar on Olympic Studies for Postgraduate Students. The 7th Joint International Session for Presidents of Directors of NOAs and Officials of NOCs was held at the IOA premises in Ancient Olympia from 22nd to 29th April 2004 and the special subject of the Session was “Cultural aspects of Olympism”. There were 88 participants from 58 NOAs and 25 NOCs. In addition, 6 lecturers were invited (2 women and 4 men) as well as 4 guests (3 women and 1 man). The lecturers were the following eminent personalities: Mr Yannis Pyrgiotis, Dr Kostas Georgiadis, Prof. Dr Roy Panagiotopoulou, Prof. James A. Ajala, Mr Ah Tok Chua, Mrs Nicole Girard-Savoy and Mr Petros Linardos. The lecturers presented the relationship between Olympism and Culture and discussed on the regional and universal dimension of Olympism and its contribution to the cultural development of nations. They also covered the administrational structure of the IOC and Sports in general. For the fifth consecutive time, the Session was broadcasted through the Internet. Hundreds of young people and researchers from various parts of the world had the opportunity to follow the works of the Session, make comments and ask questions to the lecturers directly. During the Session 21 short presentations on behalf of the National Olympic Academies were presented dealing with the work and the activities of the NOAs during the previous year. It is remarkable the fact that many NOAs have undertaken important educational activities. In addition, 7 discussion groups were created, 5 English-speaking and 2 French-speaking. In collaboration with the 12 coordinators (7 men, 5 women), the participants discussed on the relation between - 9 - sports and culture, the cultural parameters of the Olympic Games in relation to each Organizing Committee and country, the cultural activities in the framework of the works of the NOAs and the educational importance of individual and team sports. The outstanding conclusions of the discussion groups will definitely contribute to the further development of the programmes on Olympic Education all over the world. During the Session were announced the results of the Olympic Literary Competition, a new institution established, decreed with the initiative of the IOA President, Dr Nikos FILARETOS. Contestants from 17 countries took part in the competition. The first prize was awarded to the NOA of Mauritius and the second prize to the NOAs of New Zealand and Indonesia. The 12th International Seminar on Olympic Studies for Postgraduate Students was held at the IOA premises in Ancient Olympia from 10th June to 10th July 2004 and the special topic of the Seminar was: Olympic Games: Cultural and Ethical Parameters. Thirty-seven students, nineteen women and eighteen men from twenty-eight countries participated in the Seminar. Ten university professors: Nigel Crowther, Emmanuel Mikrogiannakis, Karl Lennartz, Otto Schantz, Klaus Heinemann, Susan Brownell, Gertrud Pfister, Marc Maes, Jim Parry and Kostas Georgiadis, supervised the works of the Seminar and four guest professors: Christina Koulouri, Athanassios Kriemadis, Ioannis Papaioannou, Dimitrios Panagiotopoulos, gave lectures. The four units of the works of the Seminar were: a) history and philosophy of the ancient Olympic Games, b) history of the modern Olympic Games, c) political-social and educational parameters of the modern Olympic Games and d) philosophy and ethics in the modern Olympic Movement. The students presented 36 interesting scientific projects. The students attended on a daily basis all the works and activities of the Academies. Within the framework of their education, they visited the Acropolis, the Panathenaikon Stadium and the National Archaeological Museum in Athens and the archaeological sites of Nemea, Isthmia, Epidaurus, Epikourios Apollon, Olympia and Delphi. The level of the works was once more, very high and the conclusions of the projects were presented in the end of the seminar. Students from Israel, Malaisia, New Zealand, Nicaragua and Serbia- - 10 - Montenegro participated in the seminar for the first time. Moreover, eleven from the students participated in the examination programme, which is carried out in collaboration with the University of Loughborough, United Kingdom, so as to gather 30 credits for their Master’s programme in the respective University. Due to the Athens 2004 Olympic Games the duration of the Seminar was reduced from 40 to 30 days. Thus, the lessons were very intensive and the programme rather heavy. Nevertheless, the works of the Seminar were held with great success. Many of the students remained in Greece in order to help with the organization of the Games as volunteers or from other positions or just to attend the whole venture. The Postgraduate Seminar has gained enormous prestige in international level. Therefore, more and more students from all over the world desire to participate in its works. Both the professors and the students expressed their high satisfaction for their participation in the seminar and for the academic level of the studies of the seminar. It is certain that they are going to convey their experiences and knowledge to the place where they work. The Olympic movement could in future rely on those young scientists, so as to promote its educational values in the best possible way. In conclusion, we would like to express our thanks to everyone who has contributed, in any capacity, to the IOA’s Sessions and the effectiveness of its work. Dr Kostas GEORGIADIS IOA Dean - 11 - INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 7TH JOINT INTERNATIONAL SESSION FOR PRESIDENTS OR DIRECTORS OF NATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMIES AND OFFICIALS OF NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEES SPECIAL SUBJECT: CULTURAL ASPECTS OF OLYMPISM 22 – 29 APRIL 2004 ANCIENT OLYMPIA CULTURAL AND POLITICAL PARAMETERS OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF ATHENS IN 1896 Dr Kostas GEORGIADIS (GRE) The organization of the Zappia - Olympia athletic competitions, which were the National Olympic Games in Athens (1859, 1870, 1875, 1888/89), had appropriately prepared the ideological base in Greece for the undertaking of the organization of the first International Olympic Games in 1896. On a national level, during that particular period of time, it is obvious that Greek people searched for the most suitable mechanisms to support the newly established state and the country’s cultural, economical and political recovery continued to constitute a concern of primary importance. Sports, as a movement, were not particularly developed in Greece, with the exception of some individual efforts to support them. The interest for the idea of the Olympic Games derived mainly from the desire to achieve political aims and not because the social contribution of sports was highly appreciated. The determination of the date for the Olympic Games demonstrates undoubtedly their