Slovenska agentura zivotneho prostredia Centrum environmentalistiky a informatiky Banska Bystrica sprAva o stave ±ivotn6ho prostredia BANSKOBYSTRICKtHO KRAJA K ROKU 2002 Sprava o stave zivotneho prostredia Banskobystrickeho kraja k roku 2002 Nazov: Sprava o stave zivotneho prostredia Banskobystrickeho kraja k roku 2002 Hlavny gestor: RNDr. Peter Proska, Ing. Miriam Rolkova Vypracoval: SAZP Banska Bystrica, Centrum environmentalistiky a informatiky Banska Bystrica Regionalny gestor Ing. Radoslava Kanianska, Csc. Autorsky kolektiv: Ing. Alena Adamkovicova, RNDr. Juraj Bebej CSc., Ing. Emilia Bod ova, RNDr. Peter Bobus, Mgr. Jana Bracinikova, Ing. Lucia Bysicka, Mgr. Eubomir Gajdos, Akad.arch. Alexandra Goryczkova, Ing. Tatiana Gustafikova, Ing. Marta Hajnikova, Ing. arch. Chocholova, Ing. Alexander Jancarik, RNDr. Iveta Jecmenova, Ing. Radoslava Kanianska CSc., Mgr. Peter Kapusta, Ing. Juliana Knazovicka, Ing. Alena Koval ’ova, Ing. Alexander Kralik, Ing. Miroslav Lacuska CSc., Ing. Ludmila Marcinatova, RNDr. Peter Proksa, Ing. Miriam Rolkova, Ing. Vladimir Vagasky Graficke podklady a sadzba textu : Marian Merka, Mgr. Jozef Prievoznik, RNDr. Peter Proksa, Ing. Miriam Rolkova Spolupraca: Institucie uvedene ako zdroje informacii 1. ZAKLADNE INFORMACIE O UZEMI.................................... 7 2. ZLOZKY ZIVOTNEHO PROSTREDIA A ICH OCHRANA 8 2.1 ovzouSiE ....................................................................................................................... ..8 2.1.1 Emisna situacia................................................................................................................................................ ..9 2.1.1.1 Bilancia emisif zakladnych znecist’ujucich latok ..................................................................................... ..9 2.1.1.2 Mnozstvo emisif a merne uzemne emisie vybranych znecist’ujucich latok ........................................... 10 2.1.1.3 Poradie najvyznamnejsfch zdrojov znecist’ovania ovzdusia v kraji podl ’a mnozstva emisif............... 13 2.1.2 Imisna situacia................................................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.2.1 Regionalne znecistenie ovzdusia ............................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2.2 Lokalne znecistenie ovzdusia ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.3 Prfzemny ozon ................................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.3.1 Imisne limity, kriticke hodnoty pre ozon .................................................................................................. 15 2.1.3.2 Dlhodobe charakteristiky urovne koncentr. prfzemn. ozonu a pocet prekrocenf limitov v roku 2002. 15 2.2 VODA............................................... 16 2.2.1 Povrchove vody ............................. 16 2.2.1.1 Zrazkove a odtokove pomery .... 16 2.2.1.2 Uzfvanie povrchovych vod ........ ......... 18 2.2.1.3 Bilancia vodnych zdrojov .......... 20 2.2.1.4 Kvalita povrchovych vod ........... ....................... 21 2.2.1.5 Voda na kupanie......................... .............................. 23 2.2.2 Podzemne vody ............................. 24 ................................. 2.2.2.1 Vodne zdroje ............................... o 24 ...................................... 2.2.2.2 Uzfvanie podzemnych vod ........ 25 22.2.3 Kvalita podzemnych vod ........... 26 2.2.3 Odpadove vody ............................ 30 2.2.4 Vodovody, kanalizacie a cistiarne odpadovycjAti&l . 32 2.2.4.1 Vodovody .................................... 32 2.2.4.2 Kanalizacie.................................. 33 2.2.5 Pitna voda ....................................... 35 2.3 HORNINOVE PROSTREDIE.. 34 2.3.1 Geologicke faktory ZP. .............. 34 2.3.2 Tazba nerastnych surovfn...*^....?7v ..................... 39 2.3.2.1 Energeticke suroviny...^^ .................................. 39 2.3.22 Rudne suroviny ......,j£. 40 2.32.3 Nerudne surovinv 41 2.4 PODA. 50 2.4.1 Bilancia pL 50 2.4.2 Zakladn^^tdtnosti pod. 51 2.4.3 Chem^Tdegradacia .. 54 2.4.4 Fyzikalna degradacia .. 57 2.5 RASTLINSTVO......................................................................................................................................................57 2.5.1 Zakladna charakteristika rastlinstva na uzemf kraja...........................................................................................57 2.5.2 Ohrozenost ’ vol ’ne zijucich rastlfn........................................................................................................................ 60 2.5.3 Druhova ochrana rastlfn.........................................................................................................................................65 2.6 ZlVOCfSSTVO...................................................................................................................................................... 67 2.6.1 Zakladna charakteristika fauny na uzemf kraja...................................................................................................67 2.6.2 Druhova ochrana zivocfchov ............................................................................................................................... 68 2.6.3 Pol ’ovna zver...........................................................................................................................................................70 3. OCHRANA PRIRODY A TVORBA KRAJINY............................................................................................. 71 3.1 PRIRODNE DEDICSTVO A JEHO OCHRANA............................................................................................... 71 3.1.1 Sucasna sustava legislatfvne chranenych uzemf.................................................................................................71 3.1.1.1V el’koplosne chranene uzemia........................................................................................................................... 71 3.1.1.2 Maloplosne chranene uzemia.............................................................................................................................72 3.1.1.3 Chranene stromy ..................................................................................................................................................82 3.1.1.4 Chranene nerasty a chranene skameneliny ..................................................................................................... 86 3.1.2 Lokality medzinarodneho vyznamu ..................................................................................................................... 86 3.1.3 Ohrozenost ’ a degradacia chranenych uzemi a chranenych stromov ................................................................87 3.1.4 Starostlivost ’ o chranene uzemia...........................................................................................................................87 3.1.5 NATURA 2000 ...................................................................................................................................................... 90 3.2 UZEMNY SYSTEM EKOLOGICKEJ STABILITY......................................................................................... 91 3.3 KULTURNE DEDICSTVO V KRAJINE A JEHO OCHRANA. 100 3.3.1 Historicke sidelne struktury ........................................................... 101 3.3.2 Historicke krajinne struktury ......................................................... 103 3.3.3 Historicke objekty .......................................................................... 104 3.3.4 Svetove kulturne dedicstvo ............................................................ 105 CV" A 3.4 PRIESTOROVE USPORIADANIE A FUNKCNE VYUZITIE UZEMIA .... 106 3.4.1 Zakladne demograficke udaje...................................................................... 106 3.4.2 Osidlenie a sidelna struktura...................... 110 3.4.3 Sidelna struktura......................................... 113 3.4.3.1 Centra osidlenia ....................................... ............... 113 3.4.3.2 faziska osidlenia ...................................... & ....................... 114 3.4.3.3 Rozvojove osi .......................................... .......................... 114 3.4.4 Uzemne planovanie ..................................... .QT...^Sr. 115 3.4.4.1 Uzemnoplanovacia dokumentacia VUC 115 3.4.4.2 Uzemnoplanovacia dokumentacia obci . 116 3.4.5 Program obnovy dediny ............................. A' 116 4. ENVIRONMENTALNA REGIONALIZAqjM:.... Jpr................ 118 4.1 ENVIRONMENTALNA REGIONAUJ^^’l^^....................... 118 4.2 STREDNOPOHRONSKA ZAT LAST. 119 4.2.1 Znecistenie ovzdusia ........... 119 4.2.2 Znecistenie vod .................. 120 4.2.3 Odpadove hospodarstvo 121 4.2 STREDNOGEMERSB^KATAZENA OBLAST 121 4.2.1 Znecistenie 121 4.2.2 Znecistenie 120 4.2.3 Odpadove ]j kdarstvo 123 5. PRICIN. OSLEDKY STAVU ZIVOTNEHO PROSTREDIA . 124 5.1 VPLYVY HOSPODARSKYCH ODVETVINA ZIVOTNE PROSTREDIE................................................ 124 5.1.1 Priemysel ............................................................................................................................................................... 124 5.1.1.1 Vyvoj ekonomiky v Banskobystrickom kraji.................................................................................................124