City Of London Decentralised Energy & Pipe Subways Study Baseline Report December 2009 City of London Decentralised Energy and Pipe Subways Study Baseline Report Report Name: Decentralised Energy and Pipe Subways Study – Baseline Report Sub Title: Tunnel Vision Job no 49353226 Status: Original Issue Client Contact Name: Steven Bage Client Company Name: City of London Issued By: URS Corporation Ltd. St Georges House 5 St Georges Road Wimbledon London SW19 4DR United Kingdom Tel: + 44 (0) 20 8944 3300 Fax: + 44 (0) 20 8944 3301 www.urscorp.eu Document Production / Approval Record Issue No: Name Date Position Prepared by Darshini December Assistant Project Manager Ravindranath 2009 Prepared by Alan Davis December Sustainability Principal 2009 Prepared and Brendan Tapley December Project Manager checked by 2009 Reviewed and Rory Brooke December Project Director approved by 2009 LIMITATION This report presents findings with the information received to date. Any unauthorised reproduction or usage by any company other than the addressee is strictly prohibited. City of London Decentralised Energy and Pipe Subways Study Baseline Report CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Objectives......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background and Context.................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Approach .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Structure........................................................................................................................... 2 2 POLICY AND CONTEXTUAL DRIVERS ........................................................................ 3 2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Low Carbon Policy and Context....................................................................................... 3 2.3 Planning Policy.................................................................................................................5 2.4 Energy Regulation Policy ................................................................................................. 6 3 TUNNELS NETWORK BASELINE ................................................................................. 8 3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 City Tunnels Network ....................................................................................................... 8 3.3 Other Tunnels in the City................................................................................................ 10 3.4 Condition of CoL Tunnels............................................................................................... 14 3.5 Extended Network Requirements .................................................................................. 16 3.6 Redundant Infrastructure in City Tunnels....................................................................... 17 3.7 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 19 4 UTILITIES BASELINE AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT ............................................... 21 4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Development In and Around the City ............................................................................. 21 4.3 Utilities Infrastructure Context ........................................................................................ 21 4.4 Utilities Infrastructure in the City .................................................................................... 22 4.5 Potential Interest in Pipe Subways................................................................................. 24 4.6 Conclusion......................................................................................................................29 5 DECENTRALISED ENERGY BASELINE AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT ................. 30 5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 30 5.2 Existing and Planned Decentralised Energy Infrastructure............................................ 30 5.3 Benefits of Expansion and Interconnection.................................................................... 32 5.4 Energy Demand Mapping............................................................................................... 32 5.5 Decentralised Energy Plant Capacity............................................................................. 42 5.6 Connectivity and Viability ............................................................................................... 43 5.7 Conclusion......................................................................................................................43 6 CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 44 6.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 44 6.2 Foundations.................................................................................................................... 44 6.3 Existing Utilities ..............................................................................................................44 6.4 Existing Tunnels ............................................................................................................. 45 6.5 Archaeology ................................................................................................................... 45 6.6 Consents for Street Works ............................................................................................. 45 6.7 Conclusion......................................................................................................................45 Page i City of London Decentralised Energy and Pipe Subways Study Baseline Report 7 TECHNOLOGIES........................................................................................................... 47 7.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 47 7.2 Tunnel Technologies ...................................................................................................... 47 7.3 Tunnel Development Timeframes .................................................................................. 48 7.4 Decentralised Energy Technologies .............................................................................. 48 7.5 Conclusion......................................................................................................................50 8 ENERGY CENTRE LOCATIONS .................................................................................. 51 8.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 51 8.2 Approach and Criteria .................................................................................................... 51 8.3 Findings.......................................................................................................................... 51 9 COSTS ...........................................................................................................................57 9.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 57 9.2 Tunnel Costs .................................................................................................................. 57 9.3 CCHP Costs ................................................................................................................... 57 9.4 Wider Economic Costs ................................................................................................... 59 9.5 Carbon Costs ................................................................................................................. 59 10 LEGAL CONTEXT ......................................................................................................... 60 10.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 60 10.2 Pipe Subways: Legislation and Powers ......................................................................... 60 10.3 District Heating: Legislation And Powers ....................................................................... 61 11 FINANCIAL MODEL ...................................................................................................... 65 11.1 Financial Model Framework ........................................................................................... 65 11.2 Delivery Model Options .................................................................................................. 65 11.3 Conclusions.................................................................................................................... 66 12 NEXT STEPS ................................................................................................................