SS1-Rejuvenation of river Ganga- from Planning to action Ground- Surface Water Interface D.P. Mathuria Executive Director (Tech.) Ground and surface water linkages • Surface water and ground water are linked as component in hydrological-ecological system • Abstraction from and Surface Ground contamination of either one will flow water affect each other. • During lean season flow in streams is augmented by Ground water. River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection, Management) Authorities Order, 2016 Principles to be followed specifies: • The integral relationship between the surface flow and sub-surface water (ground water) shall be restored and maintained. • The bank of River Ganga and its flood plain shall be construction free Zone to reduce pollution sources, pressures and to maintain its natural ground water recharge functions Aquifer mapping in parts of Ganga-Yamuna Doab in Kaushambi-Kanpur stretch. Proposed area of extension for paleo channel Mapping • In collaboration with CGWB and CSIR-NGRI, Heli-borne study for A: CGWB approved block A+: CSIR-NGRI extended block of A aquifer mapping with focus on B: proposed area of Extension palaeo-channels B • Location: parts of Ganga Yamuna Doab in Kaushambi-Kanpur stretch. A+ A • Area: ~ 8500 sq.km Previous Study: CSIR-NGRI, under the aegis of DoWR-RD-GR, conducted helicopter borne geophysical survey covering Prayagraj and Kaushambi region led significant findings as: • 3D structural settings of aquifer system • Discovery of a buried paleo channel (ancient river, now underground) that joins Yamuna river at Durgapur village, roughly 26 km south of the current Ganga-Yamuna Sangam at Prayagraj. • Aquifer merging at places due to tectonic activities. • River Ganga has good hydrogeological connectivity with surrounding aquifers How its useful Strong need of Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) where? Groundwater over-exploitation Subsurface linkages for groundwater contaminant migration? declining of water level Knowledge on subsurface connectivity Reduction of between Ganga and Yamuna rivers will Baseflow play very crucial role in planning of Ganga cleaning as well as protecting Reduction in the safe groundwater resources. river water flow Deliverables: • 3D resistivity map with geometrical settings of principal aquifers • Paleo channel map and its 3D catchment of sediments • Linkages between aquifer system including paleo channel and river system Thank You LEARNING FROM BEST PRACTICES IN WATER MANAGEMENTWATER Dr K Yella Reddy, FIE Dean AE&T, ANGRAU and Vice President, ICID EFFICENT USE OF WATER Key for Sustainable Development The Right to Water, a Human Right Challenges and Opportunities ❑ India’s share of resources Water : 4% Land : 2.5 % Population : 17% YEAR POPULATION PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY IN MILLIONS Cu m/year Liter/day 2001 1027 1820 5000 2010 1210 1545 4230 2025 1394 1340 3670 2050 1640 1140 3120 ❑ With 2085 cubic kilometer India stands 7th ❑ Per capita availability wise it is 133rd position Evergreen Revolution Food Requirement by 2050 : 450 MT Improve Overall WUE by : 20% (National Water Mission, GOI) 3 Components of WUE as per CWC Efficiency Values (%) Reservoir Efficiency 95%-98% Conveyance Fully Lined system 70%-75% Efficiency Partially Lined system 65% Unlined system 60% On farm application Sprinkler/Drip 85% Efficiency Irrigation 60% Basin/Furrow Irrigation Drainage Efficiency 80% IPU/IPC 85% Overall WUE 60-65% How to reach Linkage between different water sources in an irrigation system 5 National Water Policy (2012) • Priority on use of water • NWP on impact of climate change • Enhancing water availability for different use • Demand management Project appraisal and environmental impact assessment for water uses to inter-alia include: i) analysis of water foot prints, ii) recycle and reuse including return flows to be a general norm, iii)incentivizing economic use of water to facilitate competition, iv)adaptation to water saving means v) performance monitoring and vi) reclamation of commands from water logging, salinity and alkalinity. • Regulation of water prices • Project planning & implementation • Data base and information needs • Capacity building, research and training needs 6 DUBLIN Principles more relevant now Valuing Water If water is priced at 1 paisa liter (15 cents per cu m), it costs Rs. 1,20,000 (US$2000) for growing paddy in one ha area Matching Irrigation Demand and Canal Supply The engineers of I&CAD Department, officials of Agriculture and Ground Water Department should be offered trainings on a regular basis on irrigation modernisation, crop irrigation requirements including effective rainfall contribution, water budgeting, latest aspects of water measurement and regulation, participatory approaches in water management and woe’s participation in AWM. Water Measurement The engineers of I&CAD Department should install special water measurement structures like RBC flumes as a standard procedure in all their new irrigation projects; the same applies for their modernization projects of existing schemes. 9 Water Saving Crop Production Technologies • Direct seeding / MSRI / AWD for rice in harmony with soil microbial technologies in maximizing the water use efficiency. Micro Irrigation To irrigate and fertigate the plant instead of soil ❑ 69 M ha area suitable for MI (TF) ❑ APMIP launched in 2003 (0.25 M ha) ❑ TS & AP leads the country MICROIRRIGATION IN CANAL COMMANDS UNDER LIFT PROJECTS Distributory New Initiative Minor DP 1 PVC pipe Sump 1 CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW DP 2 PVC pipe Sump 2 ➢ Sump is required to store water during non-pumping hours ➢ Capacity depends upon a) Duty of the water b)LAYOUTArea under OF each LIMIPsump c) Operating time of irrigation system WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF LIMIP Israel leads in efficient water use 14 Farmers Day Programs Project Achievements Importance of CC &WUE Interaction with Scientists and line dept officials Exhibition of technologies Farmers Feedback SCHOOL CHIDREN AWARENESS MEETING – CLIMAADDAPT PROJECT Our Future : YOUNG PROFESSIONALS, Students & Children Training Workshop for Young Professional 13.30-17.00 hours, 13 October 2017 TOLTECA 1, WTC Importance of Irrigation Water Management & ClimaAdapt Project Experiences Village Knowledge Centre (VKS) • Establish VKCs (in collaboration with Panchayat Raj Institutions) • It is a community model. MoU with village panchayat • Providing location specific and demand driven services • Contents, capacity building and linkages services • VKCs managed by the VKC Management committee Way Forward • Water is an Economic Good • Water Measurement • Demand Based Water Delivery • Virtual Water Approach • Incentivizing WUE • Irrigation Asset Management • Promoting PIM • Respect Agriculture 19 A Future concern: Food insecurity and hunger Mahatma Gandhi said: “ there are people in the world so hungry that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread. It is our moral responsibility to eradicate this hunger from the world and make the food available. THANK YOU Status and importance of traditional water conservation system in present scenario Dr. Sameer Vyas Smt. Beena Anand Dr. SN Sharma Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-CSMRS-SNS 27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 ➢ Water: A prime life sustaining natural resource; cannot be created like other commodities. ➢ A nature’s gift to all living beings on the earth. ➢ Is is the elixir of life. ➢ In India: Stress on availability of water is due to population explosion & improved standard of living. ➢ The scarcity is compounded further because of massive agricultural and industrial development coupled with improper and indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater resources. ➢ Only handful of countries in the globe can boast of such an extensive river network that our country has. ➢ The mighty Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra in the North, the Narmada-Tapi-Mahanadi in the Central region and Godavari- Krishna-Cauvery in the South have been symbols of existence and growth of our country right from its inception. ➢ Yet, the availability of water resources in India has its unique28-Sep-19 complexities. 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 ➢Post-independence, the population of India has increased almost nearly fourfold and growth is expected to continue upto 2050 ➢Thereafter it will stabilize sometime during 2060 ➢What is required is an integrated planning, development and management of the water resources with the involvement of all stakeholders and taking into consideration the multi-sectoral needs and the judicious distribution of the water resources amongst various sectors based upon certain priorities. ➢With a view to achieve this vision, the country adopted the National Water Policy in 1987 for the first time, updated in the year 2002 and last revision took place in 2012. ➢Since then many new challenges have emerged in the water resources sector which further needs the revision in the existing National Water Policy. 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 28-Sep-19 6th IWW-SNS-27/09/2019 ✓By 2025 it is predicted that large parts of India will join countries or regions having absolute water scarcity. ✓Water stress occurs when water availability is between 1000 and 1600 cubic meter per person per year. ✓A Niti Aayog report released last year predicts Day Zero for 21 Indian cities by next year. Day Zero refers to the day when a place is likely to have no drinking water of its own. ✓According to the Niti Aayog's Composite Water Management Index (CWMI), Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi and Hyderabad are among the most susceptible.