IMISCOE Research Series Ov Cristian Norocel Anders Hellström Martin Bak Jørgensen Editors Nostalgia and Hope: Intersections between Politics of Culture, Welfare, and Migration in Europe IMISCOE Research Series This series is the official book series of IMISCOE, the largest network of excellence on migration and diversity in the world. It comprises publications which present empirical and theoretical research on different aspects of international migration. The authors are all specialists, and the publications a rich source of information for researchers and others involved in international migration studies. The series is published under the editorial supervision of the IMISCOE Editorial Committee which includes leading scholars from all over Europe. The series, which contains more than eighty titles already, is internationally peer reviewed which ensures that the book published in this series continue to present excellent academic standards and scholarly quality. Most of the books are available open access. For information on how to submit a book proposal, please visit: http://www. imiscoe.org/publications/how-to-submit-a-book-proposal. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13502 Ov Cristian Norocel • Anders Hellström Martin Bak Jørgensen Editors Nostalgia and Hope: Intersections between Politics of Culture, Welfare, and Migration in Europe Editors Ov Cristian Norocel Anders Hellström Institut de Sociologie Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Université Libre de Bruxelles Diversity and Welfare Brussels, Belgium Malmö University Malmö, Sweden Department of Gender Studies Lund University Lund, Sweden Martin Bak Jørgensen Department of Culture and Learning Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark ISSN 2364-4087 ISSN 2364-4095 (electronic) IMISCOE Research Series ISBN 978-3-030-41693-5 ISBN 978-3-030-41694-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41694-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020. 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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Acknowledgments We take this opportunity to acknowledge that this edited volume is the product of a sustained collective effort, which was made possible by the generous help and sup- port of many scholars and institutions. Most importantly, we are thankful to the authors who have agreed to join us on this intellectual journey and contributed dili- gently with their work over the course of this publishing project that stretched a bit over 3 years. Equally important, we are thankful to the dedicated members of the IMISCOE Editorial Committee for believing in our project and helping us to better focus and structure our arguments through their comments and those from the invited reviewers. The first chapter drafts of this edited book were presented in a book symposium at the Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM) in Malmö (November 2017), which benefited from IMISCOE seed funding and the generous support of MIM. We then had the chance to discuss fur- ther the advanced chapter drafts at various panels in IMISCOE general conference in Rotterdam (June 2017) and Malmö (June 2019). The open-access version of this book was made possible through Ov Cristian Norocel’s funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 750076; Anders Hellström’s financial sup- port from MIM, Malmö University; and Martin Bak Jørgensen’s funding from Aalborg University. Last but not least, the empirical research related to the chapter by Carlo Ruzza was supported by the Italian “Project of Relevant National Interest” grant 2015-40102915. v Contents 1 Nostalgia and Hope: Narrative Master Frames Across Contemporary Europe ���������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Anders Hellström, Ov Cristian Norocel, and Martin Bak Jørgensen Part I Right-Wing Populist Party Politics Across Europe 2 Trouble in the Homeland: How Cultural Identity and Welfare Politics Merge in Contemporary Danish and Swedish Politics �������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 Anders Hellström and Mahama Tawat 3 The Discursive Denial of Racism by Finnish Populist Radical Right Politicians Accused of Anti-Muslim Hate-Speech . 35 Katarina Pettersson 4 Nostalgic Nationalism, Welfare Chauvinism, and Migration Anxieties in Central and Eastern Europe �������������������� 51 Radu Cinpoeş and Ov Cristian Norocel 5 What Makes Turkey and Turkish Immigrants a Cultural Polarization Issue in Europe? Evidence from European Right-Wing Populist Politics . 67 Gokay Özerim and Selcen Öner Part II Retrogressive Mobilizations Outside the Political Arena 6 The Trans-European Mobilization of “Generation Identity” �������������� 85 Anita Nissen 7 Endangered Swedish Values: Immigration, Gender Equality, and “Migrants’ Sexual Violence” . 101 Emil Edenborg vii viii Contents 8 Invented Nostalgia: The Search for Identity Among the Hungarian Far-Right . 119 Katherine Kondor and Mark Littler 9 “Retrotopia” as a Retrogressive Force in the German PEGIDA-Movement . 135 Andreas Önnerfors Part III Emancipatory Initiatives Mobilizing Beyond Politics 10 Challenging Misconceptions: Danish Civil Society in Times of Crisis �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 153 Martin Bak Jørgensen and Daniel Rosengren Olsen 11 “Impossible” Activism and the Right to Be Understood: The Emergent Refugee Rights Movement in Finland �������������������������� 169 Camilla Haavisto 12 Hope as Master Frame in Feminist Mobilization: Between Liberal NGO- ization and Radical-Intersectional Street Politics ���������������������������������������������� 185 Alexandra Ana 13 Latin American Transnational Political Engagement: Steering Civic Movements and Cultural Repertoires from the Global City of Brussels ������������������������������������������������������������ 203 Larisa Lara-Guerrero and María Vivas-Romero Part IV Epilogue 14 Civil Society Between Populism and Anti-populism . 221 Carlo Ruzza About the Editors and Contributors Editors Ov Cristian Norocel (Lund University, Sweden, and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium) (DrSocSci in Political Science) is Associate Senior Lecturer in the Department of Gender Studies (Sweden) and previously Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow in the Institute of Sociology (Belgium). His research is centered on the fields of intersectional analyses of political radicalism and extremism and nationalism and citizenship issues across Europe. He has published in such international journals as Critical Social Policy, European Journal of Women’s Studies, Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, International Journal of Communication, NORA: Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Studies, Norma: International Journal for Masculinity Studies, and Problems of Post-Communism. Email: cristian.norocel@ genus.lu.se Anders Hellström (Malmö University, Sweden) (PhD Political Science) is Senior Lecturer in the Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Research interests include identity politics, European integration, discourse theory, political philosophy, populism, nationalism, European nationalism, national self-images, politics of multiculturalism, and border-making processes. He has pub- lished widely in such academic journals as Government and Opposition, Journal of International Migration and Integration, and Ethnicities. His most recent mono- graph is Trust Us: Reproducing the Nation and the Scandinavian Nationalist par- ties, published by Berghahn Books in 2016. Email: [email protected] Martin Bak Jørgensen (Aalborg University, Denmark) (PhD in Migration Studies) is Associate Professor affiliated with the research group DEMOS (Democracy, Migration and Movements). His research encompasses