FINAL REPORT EReg Topic Group XIX Non-physical driving licences - going mobile Chairman: Simo Karppinen (Trafi) Author: Pekka Hiltunen (Trafi), Simo Karppinen (Trafi), Bas van den Berg (RDW), Gera Arts (EReg Secretariat) Date: May 2018 EReg Association (AISBL ACG/47039-001) | www.ereg-association.eu TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ...................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 3 1. EReg ................................................................................................................................. 5 2. Scope, working methods and participants ........................................................................ 6 2.1 Scope of EReg Topic Group XIX .................................................................................... 6 2.2 Meetings and working methods ...................................................................................... 7 2.3 Participants ..................................................................................................................... 8 3. The evolution of the driving licence and its use .............................................................. 10 3.1 Short history of the International legal framework ........................................................ 10 3.2 Development of the driving licence document .............................................................. 10 3.3 Use of the driving licence .............................................................................................. 11 3.4 Stakeholders ................................................................................................................. 12 3.5 Benefits of non-physical driving licences ...................................................................... 12 4. Showcases of driving licence developments in EReg members ..................................... 15 4.1 Looking beyond the physical driving licence document ................................................ 15 4.2 Mobile applications as non-physical driving licence models ......................................... 16 5. Current legislation ........................................................................................................... 19 5.1 Physical to mobile ......................................................................................................... 19 5.2 Requirements in EU and international legislation ......................................................... 20 5.3 National legislative challenges ...................................................................................... 23 6. Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................ 25 6.1 General conclusions ..................................................................................................... 25 6.2 Recommendations to EReg Members .......................................................................... 25 6.3 Recommendations to the European Commission and other stakeholders ................... 26 Annex I Summary outcomes questionnaire ............................................................................ 28 EReg Association (AISBL ACG/47039-001) | www.ereg-association.eu 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This final report offers an overview of the work of the EReg Members who participated in EReg Topic Group XIX on non-physical driving licences. With technologies evolving faster and faster, (registration) authorities were looking into the possibility of developing driving licences on a mobile platform. Alongside, this technological development has led to questions and discussions with respect to how mobile driving licences are viewed in the context of EU legislation and the mutual recognition of such driving licences. This report describes the evolution of the driving licence from an official paper document to a polycarbonate card and possibly in the future a non-physical driving licence (on a mobile platform). According to the EReg Members, an important benefit of non-physical driving licences was the improvement of road safety, as information is always up-to date. Alongside fool-proof verification, privacy enhancement, ease of use, better service and less impact on the environment. One of the main objectives of EReg is to share best practices. In this report the best practices (use cases) and developments of non-physical driving licences in Finland, Jersey, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom were described in more detail. Some EReg Members, Estonia and Lithuania, were considering to abandon the obligation to carry a driving licence altogether, as citizens have just one national ID, which can be issued in a non-physical form. While this way of thinking might become a reality with evolving technology and with countries and citizens going more and more digital, this development was felt to be a step too far. Taking the consideration above into account, the work of the Topic Group focussed on the requirements in EU and international legislation to introduce non-physical driving licences which are mutually recognised. For instance, directive 2006/126/EC would need to be reassessed with regard to the presentation of a driving licence. A more detailed analyses of the required changes in legislation (with a detailed analysis of the directive) can be found in the report. It is hard to predict future developments, especially nowadays as technological developments evolve more rapidly than ever. Therefore, it is important to mention that future legislation should be as technology- independent as possible or a broader interpretation of available legislation should be allowed where possible. This report contains recommendations to both the EReg Members and the European Commission and other stakeholders. For the EReg Members: Share best practices with all countries and avoid overlapping efforts See what others are doing but analyse what works for you Active participation in (international) discussions and development of your own solutions is the best way to ensure that future joint solutions work for you. Ensure that the focus is not just on European countries, but look at a global scale. EReg Association (AISBL ACG/47039-001) | www.ereg-association.eu 3 For the European Commission and other stakeholders: Introduce a special Working Group for non-physical driving licences under the Driving Licence Committee. Come up with short- and long term solutions for implementation of a non-physical driving licence Work on the interoperability of non-physical driving licences, by following international standards (for instance ISO/IEC SC 17 WG 10) EReg Association (AISBL ACG/47039-001) | www.ereg-association.eu 4 1. EREG EReg accommodates European Vehicle and Driver Registration Authorities in making registration and licensing policies work as effectively and efficiently as possible, improving the mobility and safety of vehicles and drivers in Europe. EReg supports European public registration authorities by contributing to better implementation of registration policies and enabling improvement of the tasks and services performed by our members. EReg enables the development of better registration policies that are easier to implement. EReg enables better executable policy, executed better. EReg does this by: sharing knowledge, experience and best practice in a network of Vehicle and Driver Registration professionals from the national authorities working collaboratively on common developments and opportunities in the field of registration and licences exchanging information and insight, thus improving the registration policies of our affiliated members assisting our members by identifying and following European developments, policies and regulations with a focus on executable policy The EReg Association is a community-based voluntary co-operation between national vehicle and driver registration authorities regarding developments and opportunities in their work and competence fields. Shared interests and visions are the key principles in this co- operation. The biggest asset of EReg is the network of active professionals who take part in it. As at 25 April 2012, EReg was incorporated as a legal entity according to Belgian Law (international non-profit-making association/ Association Internationale Sans But Lucratif (AISBL). EReg has official and judicial recognition and registration in the Royal Register of International Associations in Belgium. The EReg office is situated in Brussels, Rue Froissart 95. The office is frequently used for EReg Advisory Board Meetings, meetings with representatives of other umbrella organisations and meetings of the EReg Topic Groups. EReg Association (AISBL ACG/47039-001) | www.ereg-association.eu 5 2. SCOPE, WORKING METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS 2.1 Scope of EReg Topic Group XIX Technologies are evolving faster and faster. Nowadays mobile devices are commonly used. As part of this development, many countries are now looking into the possibility of developing the driving licence on a mobile platform. This has led to discussions and plans with respect to how mobile driving licences are viewed in the context of EU legislation and the mutual recognition of such licences. In a technical sense, different developments are taking place worldwide. Within the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)1, experts from all over