ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HINDI CINEMA Editorial Board Gulzar Govind Nihalani Saibal Chatterjee Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd· New Delhi Contents Foreword: Aalok Wadhwa ν Preface: Gulzar, Govind Nihalani, and Saibal Chatterjee vii Acknowledgements: Indu Ramchandani ix The Editorial Board xi The Contributors xv HISTORICAL RECORD 1. Overview: Hindi Cinema through the Decades Saibal Chatterjee 3 Bollywood Govind Nihahni 24 2. 1896-1930: The Silent Years Firoze Rangoonwalla 25 3. 1931-1946: The Emergence of Talkies Firoze Rangoonwalla 43 4. 1947-1961: The Golden Age Amita Malik 61 5. 1962-1975: Wars and Emergency Ratnottama Sengupta 75 6. 1976-1989: Rebels without a Cause Maithili Rao 93 7. 1990-2001: Designer Cinema Saibal Chatterjee 117 THE BUSINESS AND ITS FUTURE 8. Business: The Business of Hindi Films Amit Khanna 135 9. Business: The Future of Hindi Film Business Amit Khanna 155 NARRATIVE FORMS 10. Editing: From the Editor's Table... Indu Ramchandani 163 11. Sound: Sound Design Shoma A. Chatterji 169 12. Special Effects: Creating the Magic K.S. Ramesh 185 Special Effects on the Matte Suresh Naik 193 Special Effects in the Digital World Ramesh Meer 194 13. Song and Dance: Song Picturization and Choreography 197 Lata Khubchandani 14. Stunts and Action: Spectacular Skill and Daring Veeru Devgan 209 Action and Stunts Allan Amin 215 15. Flashback: Looking Back... Gulzar 217 16. Art Direction: Sets, Reality, and Grandeur Sharmishta Roy 221 17. Costumes: The Essence and Fabric Salim Arif 229 18. Cinematography: Through the Viewfinder Govind Nihalani 243 ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIUM 19. Genres: Genres and Narrative Forms Saibal Chatterjee 267 20. Music: In Tune with the Times... Gulzar 2? 21. Lyrics 1903-1960: A Song Travels... Gulzar 279 22. Lyrics 1960-2001: Golden Lyrics of the Modern Era 295 Amir Ullah Khan 23. Scripts: Scripts of Substance Saibal Chatterfee 301 24. Scripts: The Unimportance of Scriptwriting Anjum Rajabali 309 25. Scripts: Writing Screenplays for Indian Cinema 319 Vijay Tendulkar 26. Scripts: The Influence of Literature Arun Kaul 325 27. Comedy: Laughter and Comic Relief Saibal Chatterfee 339 28. Heroes and Villains: Good versus Evil Anil Zankar 355 29. Sociology: Commercial Cinema and Sociology Susmita Dasgupta 367 30. Women: Source of Strength or Stereotype? Indu Ramchandani 383 31. Heroine: Sex Symbol or Woman of Substance? 391 Bhawana Somaaya 32. Stereotypes: Stereotypes and Clichés Amir Ullah Khan and 403 Saibal Chatterfee 33. Censorship: Cuts, Snips, and Bans Bhaskar Chose 415 34. Remakes: The Influence of Other Cinemas Saibal Chatterfee 427 Adaptation from Western Films Akash Khurana AAO MILESTONES * Dev Anand 443 * Ashok Kumar 44g * Amitabh Bachchan 44η * Jaya Bachchan Aer * Begum Para 46l * Asha Bhosle ,^ • * Anil Biswas ,,η Dilip Kumar Kumar 46,_„8 Helen 470 * Johnny Walker * The Kapoor Dynasty * Uta Mangeshkar 480 * Mehmood 486 * Babubhai Mistri 488 * Hrishikesh Mukherjee 490 * V.K. Murthy 492 * Naushad 495 * Gopaldas Neeraj 501 * Pran 503 * Waheeda Rehman 505 * Shamshad Begum 509 513 BIOGRAPHIES 515 FILM INDEX GENERAL INDEX 641 652.