T E C H N I C A L R E P O R T 1 0 4 Polypores of British Columbia (Fungi: Basidiomycota) 2017 104 Polypores of British Columbia (Fungi: Basidiomycota) James Ginns The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the Government of British Columbia of any product or service to the exclusion of any others that may also be suitable. Contents of this report are presented for discussion purposes only. Funding assistance does not imply endorsement of any statements or information contained herein by the Government of British Columbia. Uniform Resource Locators (urls), addresses, and contact information contained in this document are current at the time of printing unless otherwise noted. isbn 978-0-7726-7053-3 Print version isbn 978-0-7726-7054-0 Digital version Citation Ginns, J. 2017. Polypores of British Columbia. Prov. B.C., Victoria, B.C. Tech. Rep. 104. www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Tr/TR104.htm D’Anjou B., F.L.Waterhouse, M. Todd, and P. Braumberger. 2015. A systematic review of stand- level forest management for enhancing and recruiting Spotted Owl habitat in British Columbia. Prov. B.C., Victoria, B.C. Tech. Rep. 091. www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Tr/Tr091.htm Prepared by James Ginns 1970 Sutherland Road Penticton, BC v2a 8t8 Copies of this report may be obtained, depending on supply, from: Crown Publications, Queen’s Printer 2nd Floor, 563 Superior Street Victoria, BC V8w 9v7 1-800-663-6105 www.crownpub.bc.ca For information on other publications in this series, visit www.for.gov.bc.ca/scripts/hfd/pubs/ hfdcatalog/index.asp . © 2017 Province of British Columbia When using information from this report, please cite fully and correctly. On the cover Trametes versicolor ABSTRACT Nearly 200 species of polypores (Fungi: Basidiomycota) are accepted as part of the mycoflora of British Columbia, Canada. The lifestyle of the pathogenic polypores causes significant loss of timber value, especially in old-growth stands. The killing of trees affects species composition, stand density and structure, and the direction and rate of forest succession. Most polypores are saprobes and play a highly beneficial role by contributing to nutrient recy- cling through the decay of woody debris in forests. The rotted debris pro- motes growth of tree seedlings and other plants and increases the biodiversity of the forests. A main purpose of this report is to ease the identification of polypore specimens through a step-by-step reduction of the number of probable names for an unnamed collection. This is accomplished in three ways. First, several series of comprehensive keys lead the user to names of genera and species. Next, the user compares their unnamed specimen with colour pho- tographs of the basidiomata. Finally, the user confirms the identification with a detailed account of each genus or species that includes its known habitats and geographical distribution. The description emphasizes features of fresh basidiomata, such as condition, colour, and size, and also notes critical mi- croscopic characters. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Numerous individuals contributed to this project. The efforts of each one is appreciated. In the late 1990s, I had the pleasure of accompanying George L. Barron (Environmental Biology Department, University of Guelph, On- tario) on several mushroom photographing forays in the Pacific Northwest. George converted me to photography, extolling the art of taking pictures. He subtly got me started on the polypores of British Columbia. Since moving to Penticton, B.C., in the autumn of 1997, I have had the pleasure of foraying and studying with the indefatigable Adolf and Oluna Ceska of Victoria. They have provided me with specimens, photographs, and challenging discus- sions. During the past decade, Andy MacKinnon (recently retired, Regional Ecologist, South Coast Region, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources Operations) and Shannon Berch (Ecosystems Branch, Environ- mental Sustainability and Strategic Policy Division, B.C. Ministry of Envi- ronment) provided logistical support and resources. Scott A. Redhead made available the unpublished polypore database at The National Mycological Herbarium of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa. The preparation of this report greatly benefitted from the efforts of three people. Each devoted many hours to various aspects of the project. Shannon Berch co-ordinated the project and kept things moving. Andy MacKinnon and Ian Gibson prepared detailed commentaries that resulted in a signifi- cantly improved text. Andy MacKinnon devoted considerable time acquir- ing photographs. A critical review of the penultimate version by Brenda Callan (Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada) provided useful comments and smoothed some rough passages. The final responsibility for any errors lies with the author. The processing of the raw manuscript into a polished publication has been under the guidance of Paul Nystedt (Knowl- edge Management Branch, Environmental Sustainability and Strategic Policy Division, B.C. Ministry of Environment). iv PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS All photographs are printed by permission. The numbers refer to pages, the letters indicate the photographs relative position on the page. Joseph Ammirati: 154b, 228b. Peter Angwin, U.S. Forest Service: 163a. Salavat N. Arslanov: 51c, 203b & c. Kit Scates Barnhart: 34c, 60b, 78a, 95a, 96a, 102c, 106c, 123a, 209a, 232a. George L. Barron: 62a, 71a, 74a & c, 79a, 116a, 154c, 160a, 166b, 180a, 182a, 185a & b, 187a, 196a, 204b & c, 211a, 229a, 230b, 232b, 237a. Michael Beug: 35a, 38a, 87a, 88a, 102b, 106b, 107b, 148a, 149a, 160b, 166c, 183b, 184b, 188a, 190a. Charles Bird: 44a & b. Bill Blanton: 119a. Brenda Callan, Natural Resources Canada: 57a. Laurel Caplan: 199a. Adolf Ceska: 46a & b, 63a & b, 67b & c, 68a, 91a & b, 92a, 101a, b & c, 102a, 107a, 111a, 172b, 174b, 189a & b, 198c, 215b, 219a & b, 221a & c. Teresa Clements: 84a, 110a. Darvin DeShazer: 82c & d, 238a & b. Julian Dunster: 146a. Gary Emberger: 71b, 98c, 105a & b, 143a, 175a & b, 208b & c. James Ginns: 7 (figure 1), 36a, 40b, 48a, 50a & b, 56a, 67a, 69a, 94b, 97a, 103a, 116b & c, 123b, 132a, 138a, 141a, 144c, 146b, 151a & b, 157a, 158a, 159a, 161a, 173a, 176a & b, 180b, 181a, 186b, 201a & b, 209b, 210a & b, 219c & d, 236b, 238c. Pekko Helo: 40a, 41a, 45a, 47c, 51a, 53a, 58a, 64a, 85a, 113a, 121a, 127a, 136b & c, 153a, 191a, 197a, 200a, 203d, 205a, 213b, 220a. Lubomír Hlásek: 54a & b, 98b, 110c, 118a, 157b, 171a, 173b, 186a, 204a, 206c & d, 212a, 222a, 236a, 237b. Klas Jaegerfeldt: 202a. Lyudmila B. Kalinina: 121b. Jiří Kamenicek: 137a. Vladimir I. Kapitonov: 47b, 136a, 170a, 195a & b. Gerhard Koller: 216a & b, 233a. Sergey Kostyukevich: 144a. Sava Krstic: 72a & b, 240a & b. Reneé Lebeuf: 147a, 241a & b. James Lindsay: 125a. Martin Livezey: 130a, 208a. Elena V. Lukashina: 126a & b, 213a. Zachary Miller: 144b. Jean-Marc Moingeon: 214a. Tuomo Niemelä: 122a. Andrew Parker: 34a & b, 36a, 139a & b, 166a, 244a & b. Kevin Pellow, Natural Resources Canada: 162a & b, 163b. Reijo Penttila: 172a. John Plischke iii: 47a, 49b, 53c, 68b, 70a, 82a, 86a, 98a, 115a, 120a, 129b, 130b, 167b, 169a, 203a, 206a & b, 215a, 225a & b, 229b, 230a, 231a, 239a. v Kim O. Potapov: 233b. Alan Rockefeller: 198a. Leif Ryvarden: 7 –13 (figures 2 –8, modified line drawings). Brian Shelton: 74b. Roger Smith: 53b, 81a, 145a, 199b, 207a. Elsa Sousa: 129a, 167a. Fred Stevens: 60a, 141b, 183a. Walter Sturgeon: 31b, 82b. Tatiana V. Svetlova: 39a, 51b, 61a & b, 66a, 77a, 110b, 118b, 154a, 168a, 174a, 184a, 205b, 228a, 234a. Keith Talbot: 224a. Amadej Trnkoczy: 49a, 164a & b. Steve Trudell: 33a, 133a. Debbie Viess: 31c, 76a & b, 198b. Maria Voitk: 130c. Dave Wasilewski: 85b. Michael Wood: 94a, 106a, 114a, 134a. James Worrall: 146c. Anna-Liise Ylisirniö: 221b. Zaca: 31a. vi CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................iii Acknowledgements ................................................................... iv Photographic Credits ..................................................................v Introduction ............................................................................ 1 Purpose .............................................................................. 1 Scope ................................................................................. 1 Effect on Wood ..................................................................... 1 Cultural Significance ...............................................................2 Economic Impact ..................................................................2 Ecological Impact .................................................................. 3 How to Use This Report .............................................................. 3 Collecting ......................................................................... 3 Microscopic Study .................................................................4 Identification ........................................................................4 Standard Format for Descriptions ............................................... 5 Taxonomy ..............................................................................14 Keys to Genera and Species .........................................................16 Key a Basidioma with a Stipe; on the Ground or on Wood ...............16 Key b Basidioma Lacking a Stipe; Context Tan to