History of Photography http://www.scuc.txed.net/webpages/treed/index.cfm?subpage=65096 How has photography changed the way we do things? 1727 Professor J. Schulze mixes chalk, nitric acid, and silver in a flask; notices darkening on side of flask exposed to sunlight. Accidental creation of the first photo-sensitive compound. 1801 Thomas Young suggested that the human eye contains three types of color sensitive receptors. One sensitive to blue light, one to green and one to red. Varying signals from these receptors produce, in our brain, any visible color. When green, red and blue overlap the combination is white light. J. Nicephore Niepce 1826 - produced the first successful permanent image (Heliograph) Used material that hardened on exposure to light Required 8 hours to expose View from Niepce’s Window at Le Gras. Daguerreotype 1829 - Niepce and Louis Daguerre went into partnership 1837 - The Daguerreotype was formed Latent images could be formed into visible images and then fixed The images were very fragile, and laterally reversed (like looking into a mirror) While the daguerreotype made commercial photography possible, its end product was a single photo. For patrons wanting copies of their portraits, a second sitting was necessary. Daguerreotype Earliest known image of the Capitol Building. Taken around 1846. This daguerreotype of the east front of the Capitol Building shows the original copper-topped wooden dome. 1839 Sir John Herschel first used the term “Photography” The word is derived from the Greek words for light and writing The photographic process became public 1839 This photo gives the impression of empty streets because of the long exposure The once exception is when a man stopped to have his shoes shined. Although they remain anonymous, they may be the first people to every have been photographed. 1842 The first modern news picture appeared in “The Illustrated London News.” 1844 The first book to contain photographs was “The Pencil of Nature” by William Fox Talbot About 150 copies were made between 1844-1846 Matthew Brady 1860 - Brady takes a photographic portrait of Abraham Lincoln in New York 1861-1865 – Brady and staff expose over 7000 negatives while covering the American Civil War 1865 Photographs and photographic negatives are added to protected works under copyright George Eastman 1884 - George Eastman invented flexible, paper-based photographic film 1888 - Eastman founded the Eastman Kodak Company by introducing the first mass developing and processing service and the first simplified camera system for the general public, The Kodak Number 1. Contained a 20-foot roll of paper, enough for 100 2.5-inch diameter circular pictures. 1889 Improved Kodak camera with roll of film instead of paper first transparent roll film Film Speed In 1890 the first independent system to give emulsions speed numbers was developed. This essentially led to the current ISO numbers on film boxes today Brownie In 1900, the Brownie becomes the first mass- marketed camera. 1912 Speed Graphic Camera introduced Became dominant “press” camera for decades 1913 First 35mm still camera was developed Ansel Adams, 1902-1984 In 1916 Ansel Adams received his first camera It was a Kodak Brownie Box Camera "There are always two people in every picture: the photographer and the viewer." ~ Ansel Adams Ansel Adams, 1902-1984 Nikon 1917 - Nippon Kogaku K.K., which will eventually become Nikon, established in Tokyo. First Nikon camera: The Nikon 1 1920s Photojournalism was born in the 1920s when the printing technology was mature enough to support mass production. What is the difference between Photography and Photojournalism? New Additions 1925 - First flashbulb invented in Germany by Dr. Paul Vierkotter Previously open flash powders were used 1934 - Fuji Photo Film founded. By 1938, Fuji is making cameras and lenses in addition to film. 1935 - Kodachrome is sold The world’s first slide film 1939 Cover of Picture Post 1947 Dr. Edwin Land invented an “instant” picture process, first called Polaroid Land. The special camera sandwiched the exposed negative with a receiving positive paper and spread the processing chemicals between the two. After processing these were peeled apart. 1948 Cover of Life 1951 The first video tape recorder (VTR) captured live images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses and saving the information onto magnetic tape. 1963 The Polaroid Corporation’s research team invented the first instant color picture material. 1964 Built in electronic flash first appears on the Voigtlander Vitrona 1968 Photograph of the Earth from the moon 110-format In 1972 110-format cameras introduced by Kodak with a 13x17mm frame 1978 The first camera with autofocus, Konica C35AF, was introduced. 1980s A system called DX coding was introduced for 35mm films. The cassettes have an auto- sensing code printed on them which enable certain cameras to automatically set the film speed. This information can also be used by processing laboratories. 1981 Sony released the Sony Mavica electronic still camera The camera was the first commercial electronic camera Images were recorded onto a mini disc and then put into a video reader that was connected to a television monitor or color printer 1985 Pixar introduces digital imaging processor Minolta markets the world's first autofocus SLR system (called "Maxxum" in the US) 1987 Kodak and Fuji introduced novel disposable cameras, the Kodak Fling and the Fuji Quicksnap. Both were sold in foil wrappers ready loaded with film. The complete camera was given to the film processor after exposure. 1990 Adobe Photoshop 1.0 is introduced for Apple Macintosh computers also Eastman Kodak announced Photo CD as a digital image storage medium 1992 JPEG is described in a paper for IEEE for the first time 1993 Adobe Photoshop is made available for MS-Windows computers Digital SLR camera beginnings 1991- Introduced Kodak DCS-100, first digital SLR, a modified Nikon F3 1.3 MP 2000 - Canon introduced the EOS D30, the first digital SLR for the consumer market. 3.25 MP 2000 Sharp and J-Phone introduced first camera phone in Japan How did the invention of the camera phone change photography? 2002 2003 More than 80% of Canon and Nikon’s sales are digital 2004 Sales of new point-and-shoot cameras are 90% digital. Nikon completely stops production of new point-and-shoot 35mm cameras Kodak ceases production of film cameras One year later, in 2005, Kodak announced it would discontinue production of its black and white photographic printing papers 2006 Samsung announces first 10 megapixel camera phone Nikon stops production of film cameras and lenses 2007 Eastman Kodak implodes several buildings on their Rochester, NY campus formerly used for film & photographic paper production Canon announces plans to build an additional 55 billion-yen ($585 MM) factory to double production of CMOS sensors used in digital cameras Apple unveiled its first iPhone 2009 First official U.S. Presidential picture taken with a digital camera Kodak announces it will dis- continue Kodachrome film after 74 years of production Nikon integrates a digital pro- jector with a 12 MP camera 2010 Instagram was launched and distributed through the Apple App Store. .