PROTECT WILDLIFE FINAL REPORT May 2021 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI Global, LLC in collaboration with Conservation International, Orient Integrated Development Consultants, Inc. (OIDCI), Rare and Tanggol Kalikasan. Activity Title: Protect Wildlife Activity Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Philippines Contract Number: AID-OAA-I-14-00014/AID-492-TO-16-00002 Contractor: DAI Global, LLC Date of Publication: May 2021 Author: DAI Global, LLC, Conservation International, Orient Integrated Development Consultants, Inc. (OIDCI), Rare and Tanggol Kalikasan CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS iii TABLES v FIGURES vi INTRODUCTION 1 Activity Overview 1 Target Sites 2 Final Report Structure 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 Protect Wildlife’s Approach 6 Target Landscapes and Seascapes 8 Off-Site Enforcement and National-Level Activities 25 Summary 27 CONTEXT AND TECHNICAL APPROACH 29 Operating Context 29 Theory of Change 34 Protect Wildlife’s Technical Approach and Call to Action 37 ACTIVITY ACCOMPLISHMENTS 42 Level 1: Foundational Knowledge and Skills 44 Conservation Planning Competencies Improved and Capacities Increased 44 Enforcement Capacities at National and Local Levels Improved 53 Capacities to Conduct Research and Enrich Curriculum Improved 74 Science-Based Information and Technology-Based Tools Produced 85 Foundational Knowledge at Institutional and Community Levels Improved 91 Level 2: Applied Conservation and Enforcement 103 Collaboration for Policy, Management and Enforcement Increased 103 National and Local Law Enforcement Improved 111 Investments in Management, Support Services and Livelihoods Increased 117 Attitudes Toward Conservation Improved 131 Level 3: Pathways to Conservation Outcomes 137 Management of Biodiversity and Natural Assets Improved 137 Enforcement Efforts and Actions Increased 142 PROTECT WILDLIFE FINAL REPORT i SITE CASE STUDIES 151 Palawan 151 Mount Mantalingahan 151 Support to PCSDS 164 Year 5 Activity Snapshot in Palawan 175 Zamboanga City 176 Pasonanca Natural Park 177 Santa Cruz Islands 183 Support to Zamboanga City LGU 187 Year 5 Activity Snapshot in Zamboanga City and Sulu Archipelago 194 Region 12 195 Mount Matutum 196 Sarangani Bay 201 Year 5 Activity Snapshot in Region 12 206 Region 3 208 Aurora Memorial National Park 209 Adding Value to Conservation Initiatives in Region 3 217 Year 5 Activity Snapshot in Region 3 221 LESSONS LEARNED 223 Translating Idea into Reality through Theory of Change 224 Adapting to Challenges in Implementation During the COVID-19 Pandemic 227 Integrating W-GDP Initiative into Protect Wildlife 230 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING 234 Progress Against Targets 234 FINANCE REPORT 261 ii PROTECT WILDLIFE FINAL REPORT ABBREVIATIONS BCC behavior change communication BRAIN Biodiversity Resources Access Information Network C4C Campaigning for Conservation Concealable, Available, Processable, Transferrable, Useable, Removable, CAPTURED Enjoyable, Desirable CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Office CFLET Composite Fisheries Law Enforcement Team CHED Commission on Higher Education CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CLUP comprehensive land use plan CLWUP comprehensive land and water use plan CSO civil society organization CWT combating wildlife trafficking DA-BFAR Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENR-BMB DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau DENR-FMB DENR Forest Management Bureau DOJ Department of Justice DOST Department of Science and Technology ECAN Environmentally Critical Areas Network EG economic growth ELP environmental law and protection ENIPAS Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System EPEB Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau FLUP forest land use plan GHG greenhouse gas GIS geographic information system IDEAS Institute for the Development of Educational and Ecological Alternatives IPAF Integrated Protected Area Fund ITD inception to date IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KAP knowledge, attitudes and practices LGU local government unit PROTECT WILDLIFE FINAL REPORT iii LOP life of project METT Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool National Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee-Subcommittee on NALECC-SCENR Environment and Natural Resources NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NGO non-government organization NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NWRRC National Wildlife Rescue and Research Center OCENR Office of the City Environment and Natural Resources PALAWEEN Palawan Environmental Enforcement Network PAMB protected area management board PBC 3 Partnership for Biodiversity Conservation Phase 3 PBSAP Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan PCSD Palawan Council for Sustainable Development PCSDS Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff PEF Philippine Eagle Foundation PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office PES payment for ecosystem services PhilBio Philippines Biodiversity Conservation Foundation PhilCAFE Philippine Coffee Advancement and Farm Enterprise PhilFIDA Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority PhilMech Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization PNP Philippine National Police PSCCJP Philippine Society of Criminologist and Criminal Justice Professionals Rapid Enforcement Support, Planning, Operation and Network System RESPONSE Enhancement SA Strategic Approach USAID United States Agency for International Development USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service USG United States government VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite WEO wildlife enforcement officer W-GDP Women’s Global Development and Prosperity WildLEAP Wildlife Law Enforcement Action Plan ZCAWTTF Zamboanga City Anti-Wildlife Trafficking Task Force ZCWD Zamboanga City Water District iv PROTECT WILDLIFE FINAL REPORT TABLES Page 1 Protected Area and Local Conservation Area Management Plans and FLUPs 51 2 Number of Individuals Trained in Integrated Conservation Planning and Implementation 52 3 Number of Individuals Trained on Basic and Specialized Enforcement Training 60 4 Total Number of Individuals Trained and Deputized or Certified as Enforcers 62 5 Curriculum Development Initiatives by Protect Wildlife 79 6 Improvement in Knowledge of Conservation Concepts of Southern Palawan Respondent 99 7 Awareness of Southern Palawan Respondents of Conservation Laws and Policies 100 8 Awareness of Southern Palawan Respondents of Environmental Threats, by Campaign 101 9 Awareness of Southern Palawan Respondents of Conservation Concepts, by Campaign 102 10 Policies and Initiatives by Stakeholder Groups in Pasonanca Natural Park 106 11 Policies and Initiatives by Stakeholder Groups in Sarangani Bay 108 12 Policies and Initiatives by Stakeholder Groups in Mount Mantalingahan 110 13 Generated and Projected PES Revenues of LGUs in Mount Mantalingahan 120 14 Interpersonal Communication Among Southern Palawan Respondents, by Campaign 133 15 Attitudes of Southern Palawan Respondents Toward Conservation 134 16 Attitudes of Southern Palawan Respondents Toward Conservation, by Campaign 135 17 Final METT Results with Threat Assessment Results in Protect Wildlife Sites 138 18 Comparison of 2020 and Baseline METT Results in Protect Wildlife Sites 139 19 Protect Wildlife Year 5 Activities in Palawan 175 20 Protect Wildlife Year 5 Activities in Zamboanga City and Sulu Archipelago 194 21 Protect Wildlife Year 5 Activities in Region 12 207 22 Protect Wildlife Year 5 Activities in Region 3 221 23 Hectares of Biologically Significant Areas Under Improved Management 238 24 Number of People with Improved Economic Benefits 239 25 W-GDP Initiative Beneficiaries in Year 5 241 26 Contract Deliverables: Year 5 and Life-of-Project Accomplishments 244 27 Economic Growth Outcomes and Outputs: Year 5 and Life-of-Project Accomplishment 253 28 Summary of Expenditures and Projected Expenditures 261 PROTECT WILDLIFE FINAL REPORT v FIGURES Page 1 Illegal Wildlife Trade Routes in the Philippines 5 2 Palawan Site Map and Protect Wildlife Activities 10 3 Protect Wildlife Highlights in Palawan 12 4 Zamboanga City and Sulu Archipelago Site Map and Protect Wildlife Activities 14 5 Protect Wildlife Highlights in Zamboanga City and Sulu Archipelago 16 6 Region 12 Site Map and Protect Wildlife Activities 18 7 Protect Wildlife Highlights in Region 12 20 8 Region 3 Site Map and Protect Wildlife Activities 22 9 Protect Wildlife Highlights in Region 3 24 10 Protect Wildlife Theory of Change Results Chain 35 11 Three Levels of Theory of Change Intermediate Results 43 12 Complementary Protected Area Management and Forest Land Use Planning Modules 46 13 Phases of Capacity Building for Wildlife Law Enforcement 56 14 Awareness of Production Zone in Protected Area by Southern Palawan Respondents 93 15 People’s Organizations and Livelihoods Assisted in Protect Wildlife Sites 127 16 Attitudes of Respondents to Relationship Between Conservation and Livelihoods 136 17 Overall Capacity and Core Competencies Assessment Scores in Activity Sites 144 18 Overall Capacity and Core Competencies Assessment Scores of PCSDS 145 19 Overall Capacity and Core Competencies Assessment Scores of DENR Palawan 147 20 Overall Capacity and Core Competencies Assessment Scores of Palawan LGUs 148 21 Enforcement Actions by Various Enforcement Units in Palawan 150 vi PROTECT WILDLIFE FINAL REPORT INTRODUCTION The Protect Wildlife activity supported initiatives to align