For a Better World Excerpts from the First Conference on Albert Hirschman’s Legacy: Theory and Practice Luca Meldolesi and Nicoletta Stame, eds. Table of Contents Nicoletta Stame & Luca Meldolesi: Preface 7 Adela Pineda: Welcome address 11 Luca Meldolesi: Some introductory notes 13 Morality and Social Science 23 Kathryn Sikkink: Morality, human rights and transparency 24 Fonna Forman: Adam Smith as a Public Thinker; Latin American Urban Development as an Exemplary Case in That Context 33 Debate: Christopher Jencks, Nicoletta Stame 42 Appendix 46 Nicoletta Stame: Interpretive social science and morality 46 Development 74 Michele Alacevich: Albert Hirschman’s approach of observation in “Development Projects Observed” 75 Kevin Gallagher: Hirschman’s Contribution to Development Economics and Policy 83 Tom Kenyon & Alberto Criscuolo: Social Learning and the World Bank 86 Osvaldo Feinstein: A Hirschmanian approach to development evaluation 104 Debate: Craig Murphy, Tom Kenyon, Alberto Criscuolo, Osvaldo Feinstein, Kevin Gallagher, Vijayendra Rao, Luca Meldolesi 108 Teaching and Influence 117 Richard Adelstein: “Exit, Voice, and Loyalty” in the History of Economics 118 Monica Romis: a Comment 124 Tito Bianchi: In good intellectual company: Judith Tendler and Hirschman’s tradition 126 Monica Romis: a Comment 133 Alessandro Balducci: “Development Projects Observed” and the Influence of Albert Hirschman on Planning Thought 136 Monica Romis: a Comment 147 Revisiting Texts 150 Marianne Egger de Campo: How the Rhetoric of Reaction justifies the Legalized Exploitation of Migrant Care Labor 151 Q&A: Kathryn Sikkink, Marianne Egger de Campo 162 Judith A. Swanson: Hirschman’s “The Passions and the Interests” from the Perspective of Political Philosophy 164 Charles S. Maier: On the Applicability of Albert Hirschman’s “Shifting Involvements” for the Historian: Notes for a Research Proposal 179 Debate: Charles Lindholm, Liah Greenfeld, Charles Maier, Vijayendra Rao, Luca Meldolesi, Sandro Balducci 188 Exit, Voice, and Loyalty 196 Lesley Amede Obiora: Intersecting Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Feedback from Nigeria 197 Vijayendra Rao: Deliberation inequality in a Hirschmanian context 212 Rajiv Sethi and Lisa Son: Dimensions of Voice 216 Debate: Alexander Gourevitch, William Lazonick 226 Entrepreneurial Activities 233 Renato Bruno: Hirschman’s theory in business management practice 234 Paolo di Nola: Turning obstacles into allies 241 Irene Magistro: The power of failure and the courage of creativity 245 Francesco Cicione: A short story 252 Elena Saraceno: Being Hirschmanian without knowing it 267 Fabio Zilberstein: Collaboration in a public administration: Examples of IT-driven innovation 274 Robert Darnton: Hirschman, Geertz, and my experience. A comment 287 Appendix 292 Vincenzo Marino: Colornian entrepreneurship? Findings and ideas for reflection 292 Field Research and Local Development 326 Elizabeth Jelin: Unexpected linkages and social energy in collective action 327 Laura Tagle: Evaluation for local development 337 Salo Coslovsky: Is there a future to qualitative evaluation research? 345 National Power, Passions and Interests, and the World Today 355 Baruch Knei-Paz: From expected to unintended consequences 356 Q&A: Marianne Egger de Campo, Baruch Knei-Paz 362 Luca Meldolesi: Infinitely Naïve? An Introductory Note to “National Power” 364 Marinella Ariano: How firms cope with crime and violence 371 Q&A: Marianne Egger de Campo, Marinella Ariano 375 William Lazonick: The role of innovative enterprise in Hirschman’s “Rival Views of Market Society” 376 Q&A: Elena Saraceno, William Lazonick 378 Debate: Liah Greenfeld, Marianne Egger de Campo, Luca Meldolesi 380 Conclusions 386 Nicoletta Stame: Concluding remarks 387 Nicoletta Stame & Luca Meldolesi Preface Even for us, who followed the gradual day-to-day assem- bling of its sessions and participants, the unfolding of the “First Conference on Albert Hirschman’s Legacy” has been a pleasant surprise. Retrospectively, we recognize that (yes!) the final surge of papers and participants (nearly double vis-à-vis a normal conference) was indeed going to lead to a significant result. But the difficulties and skepticism that accompanied us in this adventure suggested that we ought not to emphasize that positive process: perhaps “scaraman- tically” (in quest of luck). Hence the vitality and passion for understanding and for changing for the better rapidly con- quered our Conference. It gave the participants the flavor of a rare experience. Eventually, if you obtain an ex-ante improbable result, people feel something they could not have dared to hope for, and get enthusiastic – it is, some- how, an odd sort of “possibilism”. The very numerous, post-factum e-mails we received bear that out. What happened then on October 6th-7th at the Pardee Center of Boston University? Participants, most of whom we did not know in advance, from all over the world em- bodied great differences in age, experience, and past con- nection with Albert Hirschman. But, once at work in their respective sessions, they immediately and unexpectedly un- leashed abilities and resources previously dormant. It was an exercise in intellectual and practical “cross-contamina- 7 tion”, a torrent of arguments, questions and tentative an- swers. It was a first test of what Albert’s legacy may really look like: for territorial references, professions and disci- plines (political science and history first). With an emphasis on putting into practice what we have learned from Hirsch- man and his friends: in researching, teaching, directing, managing, enterprising etc. Some of the participants declared that they were Hirschma- nian without knowing it. Some had personal recollections to draw from. Most of them referred to the title of this e- book (together with what Albert used to call “a passion for change”) and asked for continuity. The need to keep in touch, post factum, with the fleeting moments they brought into being (and, of course, with the important perspective that that entails) pushed us toward what follows. Beyond a simple documentation (such as authorized publication of the papers on our web-site) and a short report, we took the tiring and risky road of choosing ourselves what, of the available materials (understandably recorded, written, or rewritten), looked most telling. And also most readable: to evoke and represent in part what effectively happened at the “First Conference on Albert Hirschman’s Legacy”. We hope that our effort has been worthwhile. Therefore the content of the e-book follows the sequence of the eight sessions at the Conference. These sessions were organized around two main topics: works by Albert Hirsch- man (most of his main books, and even some articles) and activities where his ideas have had a strong influence (teach- ing, enterprising, field research). Helped by a group of dis- tinguished discussants (Jencks, Murphy, Lindholm, Green- feld, Gourevitch), the intention was that of showing what is vital in his intellectual production, and how people have 8 used it in practical activities. Three trends, intermingled in all sections, can be detected. First. There are Hirschman’s texts that show their ever- green vitality. They are revisited, they are put in their his- torical context, their message is distilled. This is the case of Alacevich and Balducci on Development Projects Ob- served, Swanson on The Passions and the Interests, Jelin on Getting Ahead Collectively, Meldolesi on National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade, Stame on “Mo- rality and social sciences”. In some cases, Hirschman’s texts are discussed with a view to see how they can orient future research, as with Adelstein on Exit, Voice and Loyalty , Maier on Shifting Involvements, Knei-Paz on The Pas- sions and the Interests, Lazonick on “Rival Views of market Society”. Second. There are texts that help our understanding of current problems, and can be used in making sense of day- to-day struggles. Exit , Voice and Loyalty has offered the framework with which Rao has analyzed grass root democ- racy in India, Obiora has reflected on her contested partic- ipation in a government position in Nigeria, Son and Sethi have commented current reactions to voice suppression, Darnton has reflected on a decision-making process about Harvard Libraries digitalization in which he was involved. Rhetoric of Reactions helped interpret current debates about legalizing migrant labor employed in personal care (Egger de Campo). The Passions and the Interests has of- fered Forman a clue for criticizing the misuse of Adam Smith by market worshippers neo-liberal economists and their disastrous deeds in Latin America. 9 Third. There are ideas that run through Hirschman’s pro- duction and that have been utilized by practitioners in their own activity. “Preaching and proving” (“Morality and so- cial sciences”) helps Sikkink debate with negative ap- proaches to human rights. Possibilism is the thread linking the many activities of entrepreneurs (Bruno, Cicione, Ma- rino, Magistro), development agents (Ariano), public man- agers (Di Nola, Zilberstein). The idea of development as mobilizing resources that are hidden, dispersed and un- derutilized is still inspiring development practitioners (Kenyon and Criscuolo, Saraceno). Hirschman’s research method, that was labeled “observation-based”, is a strong tool in the hands of evaluation research and practice (Fein- stein, Gallagher, Romis, Coslovsky, Tagle), as was also shown by the extraordinary partnership between Hirsch- man