Preparatory Survey on Rades Combined Cycle Power Plant Construction Project in Tunisia Draft Final Report Chapter 8 Environmental and Social Considerations Table of Contents 8.1 Environmental Status ...................................................................................................... 1 8.1.1 Location of the Site Design Conditions.................................................................. 1 8.1.2 Natural Environment .............................................................................................. 2 8.1.3 Social Environment .............................................................................................. 13 8.2 Environmental Impact Assessment and Other Legal System ....................................... 16 8.2.1 Overview of Environmental Administration ........................................................ 16 8.2.2 Environment Related Legal Framework .............................................................. 17 8.2.3 Overview of Environmental Impact Assessments................................................ 25 8.2.4 Protected Species in Tunisia................................................................................. 31 8.3 Comparison of Alternatives Including Zero Option...................................................... 35 8.3.1 Zero option (the case where the project is not implemented)............................... 35 8.3.2 Comparison with Renewable Energy ................................................................... 36 8.3.3 Consideration of an Alternative Site..................................................................... 37 8.3.4 Consideration of Fuel ........................................................................................... 38 8.3.5 Consideration of Power Generation Method........................................................ 39 8.4 Consideration of Associated Facilities.......................................................................... 40 8.4.1 Gas Pipelines........................................................................................................ 40 8.4.2 Electric Transmission Facilities............................................................................ 41 8.5 Scoping and Terms of Reference (TOR) for the Survey on Natural and Social Environment.................................................................................................................. 43 8.5.1 Expected Environmental Impacts......................................................................... 43 8.5.2 TOR of the EIA Study.......................................................................................... 47 8.6 Results of the Survey on Natural and Social Environment........................................... 51 8.6.1 Pollution Control .................................................................................................. 51 8.6.2 Natural Environment ............................................................................................ 52 8.6.3 Social Environment .............................................................................................. 58 8.7 Environmental and Social Impact Evaluation............................................................... 62 8.7.1 Construction Phase............................................................................................... 62 8.7.2 Operation Phase.................................................................................................... 65 8.7.3 Summary of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment................................ 78 8.8 Environmental Management Plan................................................................................. 85 8.8.1 Implementation System........................................................................................ 85 8.8.2 Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................ 87 8.9 Environmental Monitoring Plan.................................................................................... 98 8.10 Stakeholders` Meeting ................................................................................................ 105 8.10.1 1st stakeholders` meeting .................................................................................... 105 8.10.2 2nd stakeholders` meeting ................................................................................... 107 8.10.3 3rd stakeholders` meeting.................................................................................... 108 8.11 Others...........................................................................................................................111 8.11.1 Environmental Checklist .....................................................................................111 8.11.2 Monitoring Form.................................................................................................111 8.12 Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Reductions..................................................................112 8.12.1 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 112 8.12.2 Estimation of effect of greenhouse gas emissions reductions ............................ 114 VIII-i Preparatory Survey on Rades Combined Cycle Power Plant Construction Project in Tunisia Draft Final Report Chapter 8 Environmental and Social Considerations 8.1 Environmental Status 8.1.1 Location of the Site Design Conditions Rades C Power Plant of the Project is constructed within the site of Rades Power Plant Group (Radès A&B Power Plants owned by STEG (the project proponent) and Rades II owned by Carthage Power Company, an IPP enterprise, are in operation) located in Rades County, Ben Arous Governorates 10km away from the capital city of Tunis Figure 8.1-1, Figure 8.1-2, Figure 8.1-3). Radès C Power Plant occupies 5.4ha of the total area of 25.4ha of Radès A&B Power Plants and the related facilities. Source: EIA Report for Rades C Project Figure 8.1-1 Location of Ben Arous Governorates Source: JICA Study Team Figure 8.1-2 Location of the Project Site VIII-1 Preparatory Survey on Rades Combined Cycle Power Plant Construction Project in Tunisia Draft Final Report Source: EIA Report for Rades C Project Figure 8.1-3 Scenery around the Project Site 8.1.2 Natural Environment (1) Climate 1) Temperature Figure 8.1-4 describes the monthly average atmospheric temperatures measured from 2002 to 2011 at the Carthago meteorological station located approximately 15 km from the project site. The average temperature tends to become high in July and August and decrease from September. oC Monthly Average Temperature 35 30 25 20 15 Year 10 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 5 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Prepared by the JICA Survey Team based on documentation from STEG Figure 8.1-4 Monthly Average Temperatures at the Carthago Meteorological Station VIII-2 Preparatory Survey on Rades Combined Cycle Power Plant Construction Project in Tunisia Draft Final Report 2) Precipitation Figure 8.1-5 describes the monthly precipitation measured from 2002 to 2011. The yearly precipitation varies widely every year, from 265.4 mm to 1,011.6 mm. Monthly averages also vary every year, but they tend to decrease from January to June, with the minimum precipitation occurring from June to August, and starts to rise from September. mm Monthly Precipitation 450 400 Year 2002 2003 350 2004 2005 300 2006 2007 250 2008 2009 200 2010 2011 150 100 50 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Prepared by the JICA Survey Team based on documentation from STEG Figure 8.1-5 Monthly Precipitation at the Carthago Meteorological Station 3) Humidity Figure 8.1-6 describes the monthly average humidity measured from 2002 to 2011 at the Carthago meteorological station. The monthly average humidity in this period was 52~80%. The monthly average varies in conjunction with the monthly precipitation, and tends to become the lowest in June and August and rise from September. % Monthly Average Humidity 100 80 60 40 Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Prepared by the JICA Survey Team based on documentation from STEG Figure 8.1-6 Monthly Average Humidity at the Carthago Meteorological Station VIII-3 Preparatory Survey on Rades Combined Cycle Power Plant Construction Project in Tunisia Draft Final Report 4) Wind direction/wind speed Figure 8.1-7 describes the wind rose including wind direction and wind speed at the meteorological station at Bizerte, Tunis-Carthage and Kelibia in the Gulf of Tunis. The observation was conducted at 10m ground height every 3 hours (8 times a day). The data from 1970 to 1990 indicates that west wind is dominant with the average wind speed of approximately 7m/s. Source: EIA Report for Rades C Project Figure 8.1-7 Annual Wind Rose in the Gulf of Tunis (1970 - 1990) Figure 8.1-8 shows the wind roses in Tunis-Carthage from 2010 to 2012. The data indicates that wind direction from WNW to west is dominant and the wind speed is high. VIII-4 Preparatory Survey on Rades Combined Cycle Power Plant Construction Project in Tunisia Draft Final Report Source: EIA Report for Rades C Project Figure 8.1-8 Wind Rose in Tunis-Carthage (2010 - 2012) (2) Oceanographic Features 1) Tidal Tidal level at the Gulf of Tunis fluctuates between NGT = 0m (the Zero Leveling General of Tunisia) and NGT = +0.41m. The result of the observation of tidal level