“KJENDERE OG LIEBHABERE” MUSIKERE OG MUSIKKLIV I BERGEN CA. 1750–1830 AV RANDI M. SELVIK Dr. art.-avhandling Institutt for musikk Det historisk-filosofiske fakultet NTNU Vår 2005 FORORD 1 1. INNLEDNING 3 Bakgrunn .............................................................................................................................. 3 Bergensk bykultur i siste halvdel av 1700-tallet .................................................................. 5 Teorigrunnlag ....................................................................................................................... 8 Definisjoner ..................................................................................................................... 8 Kulturteori ...................................................................................................................... 10 Sosiale grupper: klasse, eller stand og rang? ................................................................. 11 Representativ offentlighet .............................................................................................. 13 Borgerlig offentlighet .................................................................................................... 14 Følsomhetens estetikk .................................................................................................... 17 Konsertrepertoar og musikalsk kanon ........................................................................... 19 Problemstillinger ................................................................................................................ 22 Tidligere forskning ............................................................................................................. 24 Kilder.................................................................................................................................. 26 Disposisjon ......................................................................................................................... 28 Praktiske opplysninger ....................................................................................................... 28 2. STADSMUSIKANTER CA. 1750–1806 30 Innledning........................................................................................................................... 30 Stadsmusikantvesenet i Europa .......................................................................................... 30 Stadsmusikantvesenet i Danmark....................................................................................... 31 Stadsmusikantvesenet i Norge............................................................................................ 35 Stadsmusikantene i Bergen – innledning ........................................................................... 37 Lover, reskripter og kongelige forordninger ...................................................................... 38 Stadsmusikantene ............................................................................................................... 41 Johan Joachim Gudenschwager ..................................................................................... 41 Christian Bonny ............................................................................................................. 43 Ole Rødder .....................................................................................................................47 Svenner og læregutter......................................................................................................... 53 Carl Magnus Due og Samuel Lind ................................................................................ 56 Privilegiet ........................................................................................................................... 59 Innholdet i tjenesten ........................................................................................................... 62 Inntekter og bierverv .......................................................................................................... 67 Sosial status ........................................................................................................................ 76 Instrumenter........................................................................................................................ 77 Musikk................................................................................................................................ 84 Sammenfatning................................................................................................................... 89 3. ORGANISTER OG KANTORER CA. 1750–1800 91 Innledning........................................................................................................................... 91 Orgler.................................................................................................................................. 92 Organister ........................................................................................................................... 94 Mariakirken ....................................................................................................................94 Nykirken ........................................................................................................................ 97 Korskirken .....................................................................................................................99 Domkirken ................................................................................................................... 100 Oppsummering organister ............................................................................................ 102 Arbeidsforhold.................................................................................................................. 104 En bachtradisjon i Bergen på 1700-tallet?........................................................................ 110 i Om å forholde seg “anstændig og sømmelig”.................................................................. 112 Inntekter og bierverv ........................................................................................................ 116 Musikk.............................................................................................................................. 123 Kantorer............................................................................................................................ 126 Embetets opprinnelse og tidlige periode .......................................................................... 127 Latinskolens sang- og musikkundervisning ..................................................................... 129 Latinskolens sangrepertoar............................................................................................... 137 Inntekter............................................................................................................................ 138 Diskantsangen .............................................................................................................. 139 Sangoppvartningen ...................................................................................................... 141 Sammenfatning................................................................................................................. 142 4. DET HARMONISKE SELSKAB 1765–1800 145 Innledning......................................................................................................................... 145 Konsertliv og musikalske selskap i København og Stockholm på 1700-tallet ................ 146 Selskapets stiftelse............................................................................................................ 150 Lover................................................................................................................................. 153 Musiserende medlemmer.................................................................................................. 159 Medinteressenter............................................................................................................... 163 Konsertmestre................................................................................................................... 164 Drift .................................................................................................................................. 167 Perioden 1765–77 ........................................................................................................ 168 Perioden 1777–83 ........................................................................................................ 177 Perioden 1783–1800 .................................................................................................... 178 Claus Fasting .................................................................................................................... 185 Sammenfatning................................................................................................................. 194 5. DET DRAMATISKE SELSKAB 1794–1800 197 Innledning......................................................................................................................... 197 Selskapets stiftelse............................................................................................................ 200 Lover................................................................................................................................. 202 Medlemskap og lokaler ...................................................................................................