A Guide for Preventing Impaired Driving and Underage Drinking SAFESAFE LANESLANES A Guide for Preventing Impaired Driving and ONON Underage Drinking CAMPUSCAMPUS Robert Zimmerman William DeJong, Ph.D. A publication of the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Funded by the U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Safe Lanes on Campus his publication was produced under U.S. Department of Education Contract No. ED-99-CO-0094 with the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and TOther Drug Prevention at Education Development Center, Inc., in a joint venture with the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Paul Kesner served as the contracting officer’s technical representative (COTR) for the Department of Education and Ruth Esteban-Muir served as COTR for NHTSA.The views expressed herein do not necessarily repre- sent the positions or policies of the Departments of Education or Transportation. No official endorsement by the U.S. Departments of Education or Transportation of any product, commodity, service, or enterprise mentioned in this publication is intended or should be inferred. U.S. Department of Education Rod Paige Secretary Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools William Modzeleski Associate Deputy Under Secretary U.S. Department of Transportation Norman Y.Mineta Secretary National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Jeffrey W.Runge, M.D. Administrator 2003 This publication is in the public domain.Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted.While permission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools, Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, Safe Lanes on Campus:A Guide for Preventing Impaired Driving and Underage Drinking, Washington, D.C., 2003. To order copies of this publication, write to The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Education Development Center, Inc. 55 Chapel Street Newton, MA 02458-1060 (800) 676-1730 Fax: (617) 928-1537 [email protected] This publication is also available on the following Web sites: ➤ Department of Education, Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools at http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osdfs/index.html ➤ Department of Education’s Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Layout and design by Drug Prevention at http://www.higheredcenter.org Dorothy Geiser, Editing and ➤ Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Design Services, EDC Administration at http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ ii Contents Introduction....................................................................................................................................................1 Organization of the Guide....................................................................................................................................2 Part 1: Scope of the Problem................................................................................................................5 Part 2: Environmental Management— Proven Prevention Practices........................................................................................................................7 A Typology of Campus and Community Interventions..................................................................................9 What Works? A Review of the Evidence..............................................................................................................11 Part 3: Prevention in Action ................................................................................................................19 Area of Strategic Intervention Environmental Change......................................................................................21 Area of Strategic Intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions........................................................................................................................................31 Area of Strategic Intervention Health Protection................................................................................................31 Area of Strategic Intervention Intervention and Treatment..............................................................................32 Part 4: Strategic Planning and Evaluation..........................................................................................35 Developing and Evaluating Prevention Policies and Programs..............................................................38 Meeting the Challenge........................................................................................................................................42 Part 5: Resources....................................................................................................................................43 CITED PROGRAMS................................................................................................................................................45 LArea of Strategic Intervention Environmental Change......................................................................................45 Area of Strategic Intervention Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions........................................................................................................................................48 Area of Strategic Intervention Health Protection..............................................................................................48 Area of Strategic Intervention Intervention and Treatment..............................................................................48 Strategic Planning................................................................................................................................................49 PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................49 RESOURCE ORGANIZATIONS................................................................................................................................52 References..................................................................................................................................................55 iii L Introduction he 1990s saw rising concern similar commitment must be made by about heavy drinking at institu- students, many of whom recognize the Ttions of higher education and price they are paying by fostering or the risks alcohol consumption poses to acquiescing to a culture of high-risk student health, safety, and academic suc- drinking.There must also be a commit- cess.This manual is a response to ment to change by community leaders requests from college and university and law enforcement agencies, whose administrators for guidance in preventing actions influence both how much alco- two of the most serious problems related hol students consume and how they to student alcohol consumption: (1) behave while drinking. driving under the influence (DUI) and Senior administrators, faculty, and (2) alcohol use by students under the staff will see that their leadership is legal drinking age. essential for organizing and planning Awareness programs to inform stu- prevention activities and for ensuring dents about the risks associated with that the hard work of addressing student alcohol use are familiar on the higher alcohol problems remains a high priority. education scene. Experience has shown, Abandonment of the doctrine of in loco however, that the link between providing parentis, according to which campus offi- basic information and reduced substance cials used to think of themselves as sur- use is tenuous.1 The most promising rogate parents to their students, has left approach to preventing alcohol problems many school officials in doubt about on and around campus is a broad-based their responsibilities to monitor and and comprehensive effort to change the shape student conduct. Recent court physical, social, legal, and economic environ- decisions have made clear that institu- ment in which students make decisions about tions of higher education have an drinking.2 Accomplishing change of this obligation to take reasonable protective magnitude requires a new type of town- measures to reduce hazards and risks in gown partnership: a wide spectrum of the campus environment, although they campus and community leaders dedicat- are not expected to control student con- ed to shaping an environment that helps duct.4 The time is long past when senior students make healthier choices.3 administrators could blithely disregard The operative word is change. the effect of alcohol on student life or Applying the prevention strategies intro- dismiss high-risk drinking as a “rite of duced in this guide must start with a passage” or an insoluble problem. commitment to change by the senior Increasingly, academic leaders recognize administrators, faculty, and staff who are that they have a responsibility—and an the principal custodians of the nation’s opportunity—to assemble a campus and colleges and universities. Likewise, a community prevention coalition, formu- 1 Safe Lanes on Campus late a strategic plan, guide its implemen- published in 2002 by the National tation, chart its progress, and assess its Institute on Alcohol Abuse and effect on student alcohol problems. Alcoholism (NIAAA), A Call to Action: Students will see that they