Historic Preservation Plan For the Glen Canyon Dam Operations and Non- Flow Actions Identified in the Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision Upper Colorado Region U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation September 2018 Mission Statements The Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honor its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Cover photo credit: Grand Canyon: Grand Canyon National Park HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN for the GLEN CANYON DAM OPERATIONS AND NON-FLOW ACTIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTAL AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AND RECORD OF DECISION November 5, 2018 Prepared by: U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Region National Park Service Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Grand Canyon National Park Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation Navajo Nation Hopi Tribe of Arizona Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona Pueblo of Zuni Western Area Power Administration Colorado River Energy Distributors Association, Inc. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Western Regional Office National Parks Conservation Association Grand Canyon River Guides, Inc. Grand Canyon Wildlands Council, Inc. LTEMP Historic Preservation Plan CONTENTS Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1: Introduction and Background ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Federal Responsibilities ....................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Tribal Responsibilities ......................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 Indian Trust Assets and Trust Responsibility ...................................................... 5 1.1.4 GCDAMP, 2016 ROD and PA ............................................................................ 5 1.2 Tribal Participation .......................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Goals ........................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Management Intents ....................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 National Park Service — Statement of Management Intent .............................. 12 2.1.2 Hualapai Tribe — Statement of Management Intent ......................................... 12 2.1.3 Navajo Nation — Statement of Management Intent.......................................... 12 2.2 Goal 1: Identify Historic Properties within the APE ..................................................... 13 2.3 Goal 2: Preserve Historic Properties within the APE .................................................... 14 2.4 Goal 3: Implement Treatment Plans to Resolve Adverse Effects within the APE ........ 15 2.5 Goal 4: Foster Awareness of and Appreciation for Historic Properties within the APE ............................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 3: Action Plan – For Identifying and Reporting Adverse Effects and Developing Historic Property Treatment Plans ...................................................................... 19 3.1 Identification of Adverse Effects from a GCDAMP Undertaking ................................ 20 3.1.1 Reclamation Notified ......................................................................................... 20 3.1.2 Land Manager(s) Notified.................................................................................. 20 3.1.3 Application of the Criteria of Effects and Consultations ................................... 20 3.2 Developing HPTPs......................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 Land Management Actions ................................................................................ 23 3.2.2 HPTP .................................................................................................................. 25 3.2.3 Site-Specific Research Design Selection ........................................................... 26 3.2.4 Site Types........................................................................................................... 27 3.3 Treatment Options ......................................................................................................... 29 3.3.1 Vegetation Management .................................................................................... 29 3.3.2 Erosion Control .................................................................................................. 29 3.3.3 Stabilization ....................................................................................................... 30 3.3.4 Data Recovery .................................................................................................... 30 3.3.5 Surface Collection .............................................................................................. 30 3.3.6 Excavation.......................................................................................................... 30 3.3.7 Additional Site Documentation.......................................................................... 30 3.3.8 Mapping and Remote Sensing ........................................................................... 30 3.3.9 Ethnographic Documentation ............................................................................ 31 3.3.10 Associative Values Studies ................................................................................ 31 i November 5, 2018 LTEMP Historic Preservation Plan CONTENTS (CONT.) 3.3.11 Stewardship and Education ................................................................................ 31 3.4 Implementation of Immediate Treatment Measures and Priority Treatment................. 31 3.4.1 Emergency Treatment Options .......................................................................... 31 3.4.2 Continue Consultation ....................................................................................... 32 3.4.3 Project Priority ................................................................................................... 32 3.4.4 Contracts, Interagency Agreements, or Financial Assistance Agreements ....... 33 3.4.5 Final Reports on Mitigation of Adverse Effects ................................................ 34 3.4.6 Curation.............................................................................................................. 34 Chapter 4: Discoveries .................................................................................................................. 37 4.1 Discovery of a New Cultural Resource (with No Observed Human Remains) ............. 37 4.2 Discovery of a New Effect on a Historic Property ........................................................ 38 4.3 Discoveries of Native American Human Remains and Other Nagpra-Related Items ... 39 References ..................................................................................................................................... 41 Appendix A: Definitions ............................................................................................................... 65 Appendix B: Historic Context of the Canyons ............................................................................. 73 B.1 Deep History (Creation of the Canyon, the Places and Items, and People) ................... 73 B.1.1 Hopi.................................................................................................................... 73 B.1.2 Hualapai ............................................................................................................. 74 B.1.3 Navajo ................................................................................................................ 78 B.1.4 Southern Paiute .................................................................................................. 78 B.1.5 Zuni .................................................................................................................... 80 B.1.6 Archeological Context (12,000 B.C. to A.D. 1538) .......................................... 82 B.2 Spanish Entrada and Colonization (CA. AD 1538–1848) ............................................. 89 B.3 Euro-American Entrada And Colonization (1848–Present) .......................................... 92 B.3.1 Archeological Context of the Euro-American Entrada and Colonization Period (A.D. 1776–1950) ........................................................... 105 B.3.2 Lees Ferry Historic Context ............................................................................. 106 Appendix C: Cultural Resource Monitoring ..............................................................................