ECE 598HH: Advanced Wireless Networks and Sensing Systems Lecture 3: Part 2: Software Defined Radio Tutorial Haitham Hassanieh Software Defined Radios • Idea: Flexibility, Portability, Multifunction … – Programmable Radio Frontend: • Change Center Frequency, Bandwidth, Sampling Rate, Gain, …. – Baseband Processing in Software: • Implement baseband functions on host in software (C++, Python, …) • Implement some function on FPGA. Many Open Source SDR Platforms USRP: Universal Software Radio Peripheral (Ettus) Warp: Wireless Open Access Research Platform (Rice) SORA: SOftware-defined Radio (Microsoft) RTL-SDR GNU-Radio USRP Platform USRP: Universal Software Radio Peripheral (Ettus) • What is GNU Radio? • Basic Concepts Software Radio • Developing Applications • UHD 2 • What is GNU Radio? • Basic •ConceptsWhat is GNU Radio? • Basic Concepts • Developing• Developing Applications Applications • UHD • UHD 3 3 BASEBAND DIGITAL & RF ANTENNA PROCESSING FRONTEND BASEBAND DIGITAL & RF ANTENNA PROCESSING FRONTEND What is GNU Radio? • Software toolkit for signal processing • ProvidingWhat ais fast,GNU low Radio?-cost way to test algorithms and •waveformSoftware toolkit design for signal processing • Providing a fast, low-cost way to test algorithms and waveform design • USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) • USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) • Hardware TX/RX frontend • Hardware TX/RX frontend GNU Radio Components GNU Radio Components Host Computer Hardware Frontend Host Computer Hardware Frontend ADC/DAC and GNU Radio RF Frontend DigitalADC/DAC Frontend and GNU Radio RF Frontend Software Digital Frontend (Daughterboard) Software (USRP) (Daughterboard) (USRP) USRP1 • Features: – Frequency Range: DC-6 GHz – Connectivity for Two, Complete Tx/Rx chains – Two Dual 64 MS/s 12-bit ADCs – Two Dual 128 MS/s, 14-bit DACs – Up to 16 MS/s USB Streaming – Altera Cyclone FPGA USRP2/N200/N210 • Features: – Frequency Range: DC-6 GHz – 100 MS/s 14-bit ADC – 400 MS/s, 16-bit DAC – Up to 25 MS/s througH Gigabit EtHernet Streaming (50 MS/s at 8 bits per sample) – Xilinx Spartan XC3SD3400A FPGA: 2368K Memory, 53K logic cells – MIMO Extension/ External Clock SyncHronization USRP X300/310 • Features: – Frequency Range: DC-6 GHz – Two 200 MS/s 14-bit ADC – Two 800 MS/s, 16-bit DAC – Up to 200 MS/s through 10 Gigabit Ethernet or PCI Express – Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA: 28620K memory, 406K logic cells – MIMO Extension External Clock Synchronization USRP Daughter Boards • Define Bandwidth, Frequency Range, Gain SBX: 400MHz-4.4GHz WBX: 40MHz-2.2GHz CBX: 1.2GHz-6GHz (40MHz/120MHz) (40MHz/120MHz) (40MHz/120MHz) UBX: 10MHz-6GHz Basic TX/RX LFTX/LFRX (40MHz/160MHz) 1MHz-250MHz 0MHz-30MHz GNU Radio Software • Open source (GPL) GNU Radio Software • Existing examples: 802.11b, Zigbee, OFDM, DBPSK, • Open source (GPL) DQPSK … • Existing examples: 802.11b, Zigbee, OFDM, DBPSK, DQPSK … • Extensive library of signal processing blocks (C++) • Extensive library of signal processing blocks (C++) • Modular• Modular design design (flow (flow graph) graph) • GNU Radio + UHD • GNU Radio + UHD • What is GNU Radio? • Basic •ConceptsWhat is GNU Radio? • Basic Concepts • Developing• Developing Applications Applications • UHD • UHD 11 11 Blocks • Signal Processing Block • AcceptsBlocks input streams • Produces• Signal output Processing streams Block • Accepts input streams • Source: No• inputProduces output streams • noise_source,• Source: No input • noise_source, signal_source,signal_source, usrp_sourceusrp_source • Sink: No outputs • Sink: No outputs • audio_alsa_sink, usrp_sink • audio_alsa_sink, usrp_sink Data Types • Blocks operate on certain data types • float,Data complex, Types int, char … • Blocks operate on certain data types • Vectors 1 or 2 streams • float, complex, int, char … of float • Vectors 1 or 2 streams • IO Signature: of float • IO Signature: • Number of input ports • Number of input ports • Number• Numberof output of output ports ports • Item size of each port 1 stream • of complex Item size of each port 1 stream of complex Flow Graph • Blocks composed as a flow graph • DataFlow stream Graph flowing from sources to sinks • Blocks composed as a flow graph Signal• Data Source stream flowing from sources to sinks Sample Rate: 32k Waveform:Signal Sine Source Sample Rate: 32k FrequencyWaveform: 350Hz: Sine AmplitudeFrequency: 0.1 : 350Hz Amplitude: 0.1 AudioAudio Sink Sink Signal Source SampleSample Rate: 32k Rate : 32k Signal SourceSample Rate : 32k Sample RateWaveform: 32k: Sine Frequency: 440Hz WaveformAmplitude: Sine : 0.1 Frequency: 440Hz Amplitude: 0.1 Example Code Example Code QPSK Demodulator Example QPSK Demodulator Example • What is GNU Radio? • Basic •ConceptsWhat is GNU Radio? • Basic Concepts • Developing• Developing Applications Applications • UHD • UHD 18 18 Development Architecture • Python Development Architecture Python • Flow graph construction • Flow graph construction Python Python • Flow graph construction Flow graph construction • C++ C++ • C++ C++ • Signal processing• Signal processing blocks blocks SignalSignal processing processing blocks blocks Python Example Python Example Signal Source Sample Rate: option Waveform: Sine Signal Source FrequencySample: 350Hz Rate : option AmplitudeWaveform: 0.1 : Sine Frequency: 350Hz Amplitude: 0.1 Audio Sink SampleAudio Sink Rate: option Signal SourceSignal Source Sample Rate: option Sample RateSample: option Rate: option Waveform: Sine WaveformFrequency: Sine : 440Hz FrequencyAmplitude: 440Hz: 0.1 Amplitude: 0.1 #!/usr/bin/env python from gnuradio import gr from gnuradio import audio from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option from optparse import OptionParser class my_top_block(gr.top_block): def __init__(self):#!/usr/bin/env python gr.top_block.__init__(self)from gnuradio import gr from gnuradio import audio from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option parser =from OptionParser(option_class=eng_option) optparse import OptionParser parser.add_option(" -O", "--audio-output", type="string", default="", class my_top_block(gr.top_block): def __init__(self): help="pcm output device name. E.g., hw:0,0") parser.add_option(" gr.top_block.__init__(self)-r", "--sample -rate", type="eng_float", default=48000, parser = help="setOptionParser(option_class=eng_option) sample rate to RATE (48000)") (options, args) parser.add_option(" = parser.parse_args-O", "--audio-output", () type="string", default="", help="pcm output device name. E.g., hw:0,0") if len(args) parser.add_option("!= 0: -r", "--sample-rate", type="eng_float", default=48000, parser.print_help() help="set sample rate to RATE (48000)") (options, args) = parser.parse_args () raise SystemExit, if len(args) != 1 0: parser.print_help() raise SystemExit, 1 sample_rate = int(options.sample_rate) ampl = 0.1 sample_rate = int(options.sample_rate) ampl = 0.1 src0 = gr.sig_source_f src0 = gr.sig_source_f (sample_rate, (sample_rate, gr.GR_SIN_WAVE,gr.GR_SIN_WAVE, 350, ampl) 350, ampl) src1 = gr.sig_source_f (sample_rate, gr.GR_SIN_WAVE, 440, ampl) src1 = gr.sig_source_f dst = audio.sink (sample_rate,(sample_rate, options.audio_output) gr.GR_SIN_WAVE, 440, ampl) dst = audio.sink self.connect (sample_rate, (src0, (dst, 0)) options.audio_output) self.connect (src1, (dst, 1)) self.connect (src0, (dst, 0)) if __name__ == '__main__': self.connect (src1, (dst, 1)) try: my_top_block().run() if __name__ == '__main__': except KeyboardInterrupt: pass try: my_top_block().run() except KeyboardInterrupt: pass from gnuradio import gr Import modules from GNU Radio library from gnuradio import audio from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option from optparse import OptionParser from gnuradio import gr Import modules from GNU Radio library from gnuradio import audio from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option from optparse import OptionParser class my_top_block(gr.top_block): Define container for Flow Graph def __init__(self): gr.top_block class maintains the graph gr.top_block.__init__(self) class my_top_block(gr.top_block): Define container for Flow Graph def __init__(self): gr.top_block.__init__(self) gr.top_block class maintains the graph Define and parse command-line options parser = OptionParser(option_class=eng_option) Define and parse command-line options parser.add_option("-O", "--audio-output", type="string", default="", help="pcm output device name. E.g., hw:0,0") parser = OptionParser(option_class=eng_option) parser.add_option(" parser.add_option("-r", -"O",-- sample"--audio--output",rate", type="string", type="eng_float", default="", default=48000, help="pcm output device name. E.g., hw:0,0") parser.add_option(" help="set-r", "--samplesample-rate", rate type="eng_float", to RATE (48000)") default=48000, (options, args) = parser.parse_args help="set sample rate () to RATE (48000)") (options, args) = parser.parse_args () if len(args) if !=len(args) 0: != 0: parser.print_help() parser.print_help() raise SystemExit, 1 raise SystemExit, 1 Create and connect signal processing blocks Create and connect signal processing blocks sample_rate = int(options.sample_rate) sample_rate = int(options.sample_rate) ampl = 0.1 ampl = 0.1 src0 = gr.sig_source_f (sample_rate, gr.GR_SIN_WAVE, 350, ampl) src0 = gr.sig_source_f (sample_rate, gr.GR_SIN_WAVE, 350, ampl) src1 = gr.sig_source_f (sample_rate, gr.GR_SIN_WAVE, 440, ampl) src1 = gr.sig_source_f dst = audio.sink (sample_rate,(sample_rate, options.audio_output) gr.GR_SIN_WAVE, 440, ampl) self.connect (src0, (dst, 0)) dst = audio.sink (sample_rate, options.audio_output) self.connect (src1, (dst, 1)) self.connect (src0, (dst, 0)) self.connect