ANARCHIST STUDIES Volume 21 Number 2 ANARCHISM AND TECHNOLOGY AAnarchistnarchist SStudiestudies 221.2.indd1.2.indd 1 004/11/20134/11/2013 117:05:337:05:33 Editor Ruth Kinna Department of Politics, History and International Relations, University of Loughborough, Loughborough LE11 3TU Book reviews editor Dave Berry, Department of Politics, International Relations and European Studies, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU Associate editors L. Susan Brown (Independent), political and social theory Richard Cleminson (University of Leeds), Spanish and Portuguese Carl Levy (Goldsmiths College), social policy/politics Jon Purkis (Independent), human and health sciences Sharif Gemie (School of Humanities/Social Sciences University of Glamorgan) Lewis Call (California Polytechnic State University), intellectual history Art editor Allan Antliff (University of Victoria), history of art © Lawrence & Wishart 2011 99a Wallis Road, London E9 5LN www.lwbooks.co.uk [email protected] tel 020 8533 2506 ISBN 978-1-907103-95-7 For information on submitting contributions to Anarchist Studies please visit our website at www.lwbooks.co.uk/anarchiststudies Subscriptions 2013 subscriptions are (for two issues): Personal print £20 Personal electronic £12.50 Institutional £100 Typeset by E-Type, Liverpool Cover image, The Living Theatre performing ‘T he Brig’, 1964 Anarchist Studies is indexed in Alternative Press Index, British Humanities Index, CIRA, Left Index, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Sociological Abstracts and Sonances. AAnarchistnarchist SStudiestudies 221.2.indd1.2.indd 2 004/11/20134/11/2013 117:06:187:06:18 Contents About this issue’s cover 6 Guest editorial: Gezi resistance in Istanbul: Something in between Tahrir, Occupy and a late Turkish 1968 Sü reyyya Evren 7 Beyond the Anarch – Stirner, Pessoa, Junger Federico Campagna 12 Revisiting social and deep ecology in the light of global warming Roy Krøvel 22 Bridging Utopia and Pragmatism to Achieve Direct Economic Democracy John Asimakopoulos 48 Postanarchism and its Critics: A Conversation with Saul Newman Duane Rousselle 74 REVIEW ARTICLE A soundtrack to revolution? Chris Ealham 97 REVIEWS Constance Bantman, The French Anarchists in London, 1880-1914: Exile and transnationalism in the fi rst globalization Reviewed by Davide Turcato 101 Martin Baxmeyer, Das ewige Spanien der Anarchie. Die anarchistische Literatur des Bürgerkriegs (1936-1939) und ihr Spanienbild Reviewed by Dieter Nelles 103 Mark Boyle, The Moneyless Manifesto Reviewed by Jim Donaghey 104 Gary Chartier, Anarchy and Legal Order: Law and Politics for a Stateless Society Reviewed by Eric Roark 105 Hannah Dobbz, Nine-Tenths of the Law: Property and Resistance in the United States Reviewed by E.T.C. Dee 107 Kevin Eady, Uncontrollable Reviewed by Daniel Evans 108 Vittorio Frigerio (ed.), Nouvelles anarchistes: la création littéraire dans la presse militante, 1890-1946 Reviewed by Andrew H. Lee 109 Antoni A. Kamin´ ski, Michail Bakunin Zycie I mysl Reviewed by Rafał Chwedoruk & Mateusz Batelt 111 AAnarchistnarchist SStudiestudies 221.2.indd1.2.indd 3 004/11/20134/11/2013 117:06:197:06:19 Carlo Pisacane’s La Rivoluzione. Revolution. An Alternative Answer to the Italian Question Reviewed by Pietro Di Paola 115 Daniel Poyner (ed.), Autonomy: The Cover Designs of Anarchy, 1961-1970 Reviewed by David Goodway 116 Andy Price, Recovering Bookchin: Social Ecology and the Crises of Our Time Reviewed by Thomas Martin 118 Film: Bastards of Utopia, directed by Maple Razsa and Pacho Velez Reviewed by Petar Jandric´ 120 Duane Rousselle, After Post-Anarchism Reviewed by Uri Gordon 122 Jeff Shantz, Green Syndicalism: An Alternative Red/Green Vision Reviewed by Andy Price 123 Davide Turcato, Making Sense of Anarchism: Errico Malatesta’s Experiments with Revolution, 1889-1900 Reviewed by Andrew Hoyt 125 AAnarchistnarchist SStudiestudies 221.2.indd1.2.indd 4 004/11/20134/11/2013 117:06:197:06:19 Editorial board Chris Atton (Napier University, Edinburgh), alternative media, anarchism on the internet Harold Barclay (Professor Emeritus University of Alberta), anthropology Hélène Bowen-Raddeker (University of New South Wales), Japanese anarchism, gender, feminism Tom Cahill (Shifting Ground, France), social movements Paul Chambers (University of Glamorgan), sociology of religion Graeme Chesters (Bradford University), social movements, complexity theory and participation studies Noam Chomsky (MIT), linguistics Ronald Creagh (Professeur Emérite de Montpellier/Research on anarchism), history Sureyyya Evren (University of Loughborough), art, culture and politics Karen Goaman (Open University, London Metropolitan), anthropology, archaeology, communications David Goodway (Independent researcher), history Robert Graham (Independent researcher), history of ideas/contemporary anarchist theory Judy Greenway (University of East London), cultural studies Caroline Hamilton (University of Pittsburg), literature Clifford Harper (Independent), illustration Terry Hopton (University of Central Lancashire), classical anarchist theory Margaert Majumdar (University of Portsmouth), Francophone studies Brian Martin (University of Wollongong), social sciences George McKay (University of Salford), cultural studies Brian Morris (Emeritus Professor, Goldsmiths, London), anthropology Alex Prichard (University of Bath), history, international relations, politics Richard Porton (Independent researcher), fi lm studies Raimund Schäffner (University of Heidelberg), English literature Ian Welsh (Cardiff University), sociology AAnarchistnarchist SStudiestudies 221.2.indd1.2.indd 5 004/11/20134/11/2013 117:06:197:06:19 About this issue’s cover In January 1963, New York pacifi st-anarchists Judith Malina and Julian Beck, co-founders of the Living Th eatre, debuted a remarkable play called Th e Brig. Th e playwright was a former marine, Kenneth Brown, who had been incarcerated in a military brig for thirty days while stationed in Japan. In the brig, prisoners followed a strict sequence of routines, day in and day out, for the length of their incarceration. Th e goal was to strip them of their identity and instil unquestioning obedience. Each inmate was given a number and forced to answer to it. Punishment was to study the Guide for Marines to the letter while obeying rigid protocols of behaviour within a tightly confi ned space sectioned off by lines that could not be crossed without permission or an order to do so. Prisoners were screamed at, punched, and subjected to constant humiliation by the guards, who enforced a strict code of silence between inmates. Brown’s play presented a day in this brig, with all its attendant brutality. Th e Living Th eatre regarded their performance of Th e Brig as a political state- ment. Th is is clear from Malina’s director’s notes, published in 1964, in which she interprets the play as a transformative critique of society’s authoritarian structures. ‘Whether that structure calls itself a prison or a school or a factory or a family or a government’, she writes, ‘that structure asks each man what he can do for it, not what it can do for him, and for those who do not do for it, there is the pain of death or imprisonment, or social degradation, or the loss of animal rights’. Outlining her techniques for staging the marine brig’s ‘structure’ of psychological and physical cruelty, she underlined that her ambition was to radicalise people through the play. She also interpreted the play’s message as anarchist. Th e Brig’s brutalised marines and their guard-persecutors were united by the choice, at some juncture, to submit to authority. Each soldier had decided to ‘draw the line at that line’ and this was ‘the symbolic key of his repressed powers’ [Malina’s emphasis] and his suff ering. In a free society no such line need ever be drawn by any individual. What inner force could free us to usher in such a society? ‘Love, the saving grace in everything human’, was the Living Th eatre’s answer. In Th e Brig, Malina revealed, the Living Th eatre ‘called on pity last, on basic human kinship fi rst’ so that their audience may ‘know violence in the clear light of the kinship of our physical empathy’. When humanity grasps the truth of violence, she predicted, we will ‘confront the dimensions of the Structure, fi nd its keystone, learn on what foundations it stands, and locate its doors. Th en we will penetrate its locks and open the doors of all the jails.’ Allan Antliff Anarchist Studies 21.2 AAnarchistnarchist SStudiestudies 221.2.indd1.2.indd 6 004/11/20134/11/2013 117:06:207:06:20 Anarchist Studies 21.2 © 2013 issn 0967 3393 www.lwbooks.co.uk/journals/anarchiststudies/ Gezi Resistance in Istanbul: Something in Between Tahrir, Occupy and a Late Turkish 1968 Sü reyyya Evren It started with a small group of activists trying to defend a public park against government’s plans to build a huge shopping mall. In few days, as police used increasing violence against that tiny cluster of protestors, more and more people came to show their support. On 31 May, the whole country woke up at 3 a.m. to fi nd that a small protest had turned into a huge revolutionary moment. Taksim Square and Gezi Park (in central Istanbul) were ‘captured’ on 1 June and remained government-free zones for two weeks … It was a bit ethereal for everyone: a stateless mega city-centre! Th e Taksim Commune! And anarchists were clearly not the only people who enjoyed the temporary autonomous zone. Th e heterogeneous movement was politicised through a common process. Diff erent political stances converged for the fi rst time. Th ere was clearly a ‘multitude’ on the streets during the uprising and this multitude is still active in diff erent forms. What happened, how did it develop? I believe that the events repay discussion. Th ere are aspects of Gezi resistance that are truly local and you need to under- stand the Turkish political and social background to be able to connect fully to the events. On the other hand there are so many similarities, even links with other inter- national uprisings and movements, that the protest seems very familiar.