PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/131341 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-04 and may be subject to change. TSERVICE DISCOVERY IN eHEALTH TESFA TEGEGNE ASFAW Service Discovery in eHealth Tesfa Tegegne Asfaw Copyright c 2014 , Tesfa Tegegne Asfaw, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. isbn : 978-90-8891-949-7 SIKS dissertation series: 2014-33 Typeset by the author with LATEX 2" Documentation System. Cover design: Tesfa Tegegne Asfaw Printed and Lay Out by: Proefschriftmaken.nl, Uitgeverij BOXPress Published by: Uitgeverij BOXPress, Oisterwijk The work in this thesis has been carried out under the auspices of SIKS, the Dutch Research School for Infor- mation and Knowledge Systems and the Institute for Computing and Information Sciences of the Radboud University Nijmegen. The research was sponsored by NUFFIC, the Nether- lands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education. Service Discovery in eHealth Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. mr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 5 september 2014 om 14.30 uur precies door Tesfa Tegegne Asfaw geboren op 17 mei 1967, te Gondar (Ethiopi¨e) Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. Th.P. van der Weide Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. H.A. Proper Prof. dr. W.J.A.M van den Heuvel (Universiteit van Tilburg) Dr. G. Pasi (Universit`aDegli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy) Service Discovery in eHealth Doctoral thesis to obtain the degree of doctor from Radboud University Nijmegen on the authority of the Rector Magnificus prof. dr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann, according to the decision of the Council of Deans to be defended in public on Friday, September 5, 2014 at 14.30 hours by Tesfa Tegegne Asfaw born on May 17, 1967 in Gondar (Ethiopia) Supervisor: Prof. dr. ir. Th.P. van der Weide Doctoral Thesis Committee: Prof. dr. H.A. Proper Prof. dr. W.J.A.M van den Heuvel (Universiteit van Tilburg) Dr. G. Pasi (Universit`aDegli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy) Contents Preface xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background . .1 1.2 Research problem . .4 1.2.1 Research questions . .4 1.2.2 Objectives . .5 1.2.3 Contribution of the thesis . .6 1.3 Research Methodology . .6 1.3.1 Experimental methods . .7 1.3.2 Theoretical method . .7 1.3.3 Simulation method . .7 1.3.4 Design science . .8 1.3.5 Research approach . .9 1.4 Thesis outline . 10 1.5 Research Publications . 13 1.6 Conclusion . 13 I The Overall Requirement: a Case Study in Ethiopia 15 2 eHealth service discovery framework: a case study in Ethiopia 17 2.1 Introduction . 17 2.2 Related Work . 18 2.3 SOA for Healthcare . 19 2.3.1 The Impact of SOA in Healthcare for Developing Countries 20 2.3.2 Anywhere Anytime mHealth . 21 2.3.3 Case Study: Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) . 22 2.4 The SWOT Analysis . 23 2.4.1 Background . 23 2.4.2 Strengths and Weaknesses . 24 2.4.3 Opportunities and Threats . 25 2.4.4 The Proposed Strategy . 27 2.4.5 Analysis of the Confrontation Matrix . 27 2.4.6 The Main Architecture . 28 vii 2.5 Service Discovery . 30 2.5.1 Sample Session . 31 2.6 Conclusion . 32 3 Is mHealth Viable to Ethiopia? An empirical study 33 3.1 Introduction . 33 3.1.1 Potential of Mobile Phones to Improve Healthcare in Ethiopia 34 3.1.2 Objectives . 35 3.2 Application of mHealth . 36 3.2.1 Education and Awareness . 36 3.2.2 Remote Data Collection . 37 3.2.3 Remote Monitoring . 37 3.2.4 Communication and Training for Healthcare Workers . 37 3.2.5 Diagnostic and Treatment Support . 38 3.3 Health Services of Ethiopia . 38 3.3.1 Background . 38 3.3.2 Health Institutions . 38 3.3.3 Health Professionals . 38 3.4 Methodology . 39 3.4.1 Sampling Technique . 40 3.4.2 Data Gathering Tools . 40 3.4.3 Discussion . 40 3.4.4 Result . 43 3.5 mHealth Framework . 45 3.6 Conclusion . 45 II Service Discovery Architecture 47 4 Service discovery architecture for a low infrastructure context 49 4.1 Introduction . 49 4.2 Related Work . 51 4.3 Service Discovery in Low Infrastructure . 51 4.3.1 Sample Session . 52 4.3.2 Ontology Based Semantic Service . 53 4.3.3 User Profile (Consumer Profile) . 54 4.3.4 Context-aware Service Discovery . 55 4.3.5 Personalized and Context Based Matchmaker . 56 4.3.6 eHealth Service . 56 4.4 eHealth Framework . 58 4.4.1 Service Discovery Engine . 58 4.4.2 Service Registry(Repository) . 59 4.5 Conclusion . 60 viii III Personalized Context-aware Dialogue System 61 5 User Profile-based Service Discovery for eHealth 63 5.1 Introduction . 63 5.2 Related Work . 65 5.2.1 Context-aware Models for Personalization . 66 5.2.2 Personalization and Service Discovery . 68 5.3 User Profile . 68 5.3.1 Challenges of User Profile (Personalization) . 70 5.3.2 Working Example . 70 5.3.3 User Profile Privacy . 72 5.4 Service Discovery Framework . 74 5.4.1 The Profiled Discovery Problem . 75 5.4.2 The Architecture . 76 5.5 Personalization on eHealth . 79 5.5.1 eHealth Service Discovery Framework . 80 5.5.2 Key Benefits . 80 5.6 Conclusion . 81 6 The impact of user requirement elicitation 83 6.1 Introduction . 83 6.2 Literature Review . 87 6.3 User Requirements Elicitation and Analysis . 89 6.3.1 Requirement Elicitation . 89 6.3.2 Requirement Analysis and Negotiation . 95 6.4 Methodology . 96 6.5 Result & Discussion . 96 6.5.1 Service Identification . 96 6.5.2 Stakeholder Selection and Participation . 97 6.5.3 Requirement Elicitation Techiques/tools . 98 6.5.4 Requirement Review . 99 6.6 Conclusion and Future work . 100 7 Designing Spoken Dialogue Systems for Doctor-Patient Conver- sation 101 7.1 Introduction . 101 7.1.1 Motivation . 102 7.2 Spoken dialogue systems in healthcare . 103 7.2.1 Diagnosis Systems . 103 7.2.2 Doctor-Patient Face-to-Face Interaction . 104 7.3 Finding Cultural Dependencies . 105 7.3.1 Methodology . 106 7.3.2 Results . 107 7.3.3 Discussion . 109 7.3.4 Cultural Aspects . 110 7.4 A Spoken Dialogue Model . 112 ix 7.4.1 A Simplified Dialogue System . 113 7.4.2 Design Dialogue System . 114 7.4.3 Designing a Dialogue Based on Doctor-Patient Interaction 114 7.5 Conclusion . 117 IV Query Enrichment and Preference Prioritization and Aggregation 119 8 Query enrichment by user preferences 121 8.1 Introduction . 121 8.2 Related Work . 123 8.2.1 Personalization . 124 8.2.2 Matchmaking . 126 8.2.3 Comparison with related systems . 127 8.3 Difference Between Query Expansion, Formulation and Enrichment127 8.4 Overall Architecture . 128 8.4.1 The Dialogue System . 129 8.4.2 The Query Interpreter . 129 8.4.3 The Matchmaker . 130 8.5 Preference Expressions . 130 8.5.1 The Relational Model . 131 8.5.2 Preferences . 132 8.5.3 Conditional Preference . 132 8.5.4 Preference Formalism . 132 8.5.5 Base Preference Constructors . 133 8.5.6 Combining Preferences . 134 8.5.7 Properties and Derived Operators . 135 8.5.8 Displaying Preferences as CP-Nets . 136 8.6 The preferential Similarity.