412 Chemistry for Sustainable Development 28 (2020) 412–417 UDC 581.192.1:635.92 DOI: 10.15372/CSD2020247 Ash Content of Ornamental Plants in Urban Environment (Through the Example of the Cities of the Novosibirsk Region) L. L. SEDEL’NIKOVA1, O. L. TSANDEKOVA2 1Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia (Received August 07, 2019) Abstract The results of determining the ash content of perennial and annual plants growing near industrial zones, roads and in the urban environment of the administrative centres of the Novosibirsk Region (Iskitim, Berdsk, Novosi- birsk) are presented. These plant habitats differ in the degree of anthropogenic impact on the environment, with the greatest pollution in the city of Iskitim. It is noted that the ash content of the leaves of plants of different systematic groups is determined by many factors, including species and varietal belonging, anthropogenic pollu- tion of the environment, and the features of the growing season. A decrease in the content of ash substances in the leaves of herbaceous plants belonging to the families Hemerocallidaceae > Asteraceae > Iridaceae > Hosta- ceae > Laminaceae was established. Keywords: leaf, ash content, herbaceous plants, urban environment, Novosibirsk Region INTRODUCTION spectively [1]. The major effect on the state of vegetation in Novosibirsk is caused by the indus- The Novosibirsk urban agglomeration is dis- trial and road complex [2, 3]. The urban forestry tinguished by a large network of industrial zones in small towns is insufficient, especially in the that are situated in the suburbs or in small towns territories near industrial zones. The ecological of the Region. The zone with the highest urbani- medium in the system of urban and industrial zation is the town of Iskitim and its vicinities, complex causes a specific effect not only on the where more than 15 industrial facilities are situ- growth and development of herbaceous plants ated, in particular the largest plant in the Novo- but also on the accumulation of the compounds of sibirsk Region (SC Iskitimtsement) and three ash-forming elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, large enterprises mining mineral resources. In etc.), which are present in the ash after the re- 2018, the environmental monitoring and ecologi- moval of the organic substances from the phyto- cal control services recorded 39 cases of extrem- mass. It is known that the ash content of leaves ally high and high pollution of atmospheric air depends on many factors including the special (excess over the MPC by a factor of 10 and more) and varietal diversity, and on the quality of the in the cities of Siberia and Transbaikalia. Among environment in which the plants are grown [4–9]. them, there are Iskitim and Novosibirsk, where The goal of the work was to carry out a com- the permissible level of carcinogenic benz(a)pyr- parative analysis of the ash content of the leaves ene was exceeded by a factor of 17 and 21, re- of flowering decorative plants growing near © Sedel’nikova L. L., Tsandekova O. L., 2020 ASH CONTENT OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT 413 the industrial zones and motor roads in the town The reference samples were the plants from of the Novosibirsk Region (Berdsk, Iskitim, Novo- the bioresource scientific collection of the Central sibirsk). Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (CSBG SB RAS; “Collection of living plants growing out- doors and indoors”, UNU No. USU 440534), grown EXPERIMENTAL under conditions with minimal technogenic local at the ground of the laboratory of decorative In the work, we studied the plants that were plants. Leave samples after washing from dust grown in plant gardens: Hemerocallis hybrida were dried to the air-dry state, ground to the fine (Hemerocallidaceae family), Iris hybrida (Iridace- fraction, sieved through a sieve with the mesh ae family), Hosta lancifolia Engl. (Hostaceae fam- size of 1 mm. Determination of ash content (total ily), Salvia splendens (Laminaceae family), Malva ash, % of the mass of the dry substance) was de- hybrida (Malvaceae family), Tagetis patula (Aster- termined by means of dry ashing based on the aceae family), Senecio cineraria (Asteraceae fam- combustion of the organic substances in a muffle ily), Tussilago furfara L. (Asteraceae family), Leu- furnace according to GOST 24027.2–80 [10]. Anal- canthemum vulgare Lam. (Asteraceae family), yses were repeated three times for each sample. Alyssum hybrida (Brassicaceae family). Mathematical processing was carried out with The plant raw material was collected during the Statistica 6.1 and Microsoft Office Excel 2007 the vegetation period of the year 2018 under the software. conditions of the urban environment: 1) near motor roads at a distance of 50–100 m in plant gardens of Novosibirsk (the Central dis- RESUTLS AND DISCUSSION trict: Chelyuskintsev str., Krasniy avenue; the Sovertskiy district: Zolotodolinskaya str., Rossiys- Different degrees of the technogenic load had kaya str., Shaturskaya str.), Berdsk (Rogachev definite effects on the accumulation of ash ele- str., Rossiyskaya str., Krasnaya Sibir), Iskitin ments in the leaves of herbaceous plants from dif- (Sovetskaya str., Komsomolskaya str.); ferent systematic groups (Table 1). Diverse data 2) near the industrial zones of Iskitim (Zavods- were obtained with respect to industrial zones. kaya str. – SC Iskitimtsement, PC Concrete Prod- The highest ash content in the leaves of S. splen- ucts Plant No. 13; Kommunisticheskaya str. – SC dens (7.93–8.03 %) and T. patula (7.72–7.96 %) is EPM-Novosibirsk Electrode Plant, Yuzhbiy Mik- observed in the vicinity of the Berdsk Brick Plant rorayon str. – SIBIT plant of PC Glavnovosibirsk- (Klyuchevaya str., Berdsk) and the Concrete Prod- stroy, Berdsk (Klyuchevaya str., – PC Berdsk ucts Plant No. 13 (Zavodskaya str., Iskitim). The Brick Plant). high ash content of the leaves of H. hybrida (8.81– TABLE 1 Ash content in the leaves of decorative plants near the roads or urban environment and industrial zones of the Novosibirsk Region (% of the mass of dry matter) Plant species, family Sampling site 1 2 3 4 Iris hybrida 7.74 ± 0.26 7.07 ± 0.16 9.74 ± 0.13 7.70 ± 0.26 (Iridaceae) Hemerocallis hybrida 7.37 ± 0.10 9.85 ± 0.21 8.07 ± 0.13 8.81 ± 0.29 (Hemerocallidaceae) Hosta lancifolia 8.52 ± 0.20 8.56 ± 0.23 9.63 ± 0.10 –а (Hostaceae) Salvia splendens 8.03 ± 0.13 7.33 ± 0.26 7.44 ± 0.23 7.93 ± 0.21 (Laminaceae) Tagetis patula 7.96 ± 0.13 7.15 ± 0.27 7.15 ± 0.10 7.72 ± 0.16 (Asteraceae) Note. 1 – Berdsk (Kluichevaya str., Plant); 2 – Iskitim (Sovetskaya str., road); 3 – Novosibirsk (Sovetskiy district, Shaturskaya str., road); 4 – Iskitim (Zavodskaya str., industrial zone). аNo data. 414 L. L. SEDEL’NIKOVA, O. L. TSANDEKOVA Fig. 1. Ash content of the leaves of Senecio cineraria depend- Fig. 2. Comparative ash content in the leaves of annual (Alys- ing on growing site: 1 – Kommunisticheskaya str. (Iskitim, sum hybrida) and perennial (Tussilago furfara, Leucanthe- EPM-Novosibirsk Electrode Plant), 2 – Krasniy ave. (Novosi- mum vulgare) plants growing near the SIBIT plant (Iskitim). birsk, road), 3 – Sovetskaya str. (Iskitim, road). 9.85 %) was detected in Iskitim near the road (So- be noted that the accumulation of ash substances vetskaya str.,) and near the industrial zone of Iski- in the leaves of H. hybrida depended on the grow- timtsement. For the plants of I. hybrida and H. lan- ing site. For instance, near the Berdsk Brick Plant, cifolia near the roads of the Sovetskiy district of the ash content was 7.42 %, while near the road Novosibirsk, the ash content of leaves was higher along Krasnaya Sibir str. It was 8.81 %. by 1.12–2.03 % in comparison with the samples It was established by comparing ash content from Berdsk and Iskitim. In general, the ash con- in different organs of H. lancifolia that within the tent of the leaves in the regions under investiga- third decade of July the ash content of the leaves tion depended on the families to which the species (7.37 ± 0.20 %) and rhizomes (7.04 ± 0.15 % and belonged (see Table 1) and, as a rule, decreased as 7.41 ± 0.16 %, collected in Shaturskaya str. (Novo- a sequence: Hemerocallidaceae > Iridaceae > Hos- sibirsk) and Rogachev str. (Berdsk), respectively) taceae > Laminaceae > Asteraceae. are comparable and are practically independent It was established that the ash content of the of the growing site. The ash content in the leaves leaves of S. cineraria (Asteraceae family) de- of this species decreased by the end of vegetation pended on the site where the plants grew (Fig. 1). in the urban environment in comparison with the Near the main roads of the Central district of plants growing under favourable ecological con- Novosibirsk and Iskitim, ash content was 9.23– ditions at the territory of the CSBG SB RAS (ref- 9.44 %, which is higher by 2.44 % than the ash erence, Zolotodolinskaya str., Novosibirsk, Fig. 4). content of the plants grown near EPM-Novosi- The same trend was recorded for ash content in birsk Electrode Plant (Iskitim). the leaves of H. hybrida growing in plant gardens Among annual and perennial plants growing in Chjelyuskintsev str. (Novosibirsk), for which under the same conditions near SIBIT plant in these parameters are comparable: 9.44 ± 0.39 % Yuzhniy Mikrorayon str. (Iskitim), the ash con- (12.07.18) and 9.30 ± 0.27 % (26.07.18). It should be tent is higher in the plants of the Asteraceae noted that by the end of the vegetation period family (T. furfara, L.