Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTSVOLUME 3 | ISSUE 1 1 Current Issues in Pastoral Theology: 80 Pastor Theologians, the Gospel, and the An Editorial Introduction Ministry of Racial Conciliation Justin L. McLendon Benjamin D. Espinoza 9 Elder as Shepherd: Implicit Use of the 93 Light from the Third Great Awakening: Harold Ockenga Shepherd Metaphor by the Apostle Paul and the Call to Future Pastor-Theologians Josh Branum Owen Strachan 19 Theological Preaching and Preaching Through 111 Pastor-Scholar: The Pastor Theologian Theology: The Priority of the Pastor-Theologian and Scholarship Gary L. Shultz Jr. Douglas Estes 31 Preaching Psalm 46 to the People of God Today 118 Pastoral Theology in a Missional Mode Jonathan Master Michael W. Goheen 46 What Worship Leaders Need Their Pastors to Know: 139 Toward a Theology of Pastoral Care A Call to Theological Leadership in Worship in a Missional Mode Matthew Ward Andrew Zantingh 62 A Way Forward for Pastor-Apologists: 154 The Care of Souls: John Calvin’s Navigating the Apologetic Method Debate Shepherding Ministry Joshua D. Chatraw Marcus J. Serven 175 Book Reviews Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTS is published twice a year online at www.jbtsonline.org and in print through Pickwick Publications, an Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers 199 West 8th Avenue, Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401, USA Print ISSN 2572–2832 Online ISSN 2572–2859 Copyright © 2018 Grand Canyon University, College of Theology. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 199 West 8th Avenue, Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401, USA The Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies (JBTS) is an academic journal focused on the fields of Bible and Theology from an inter-denominational point of view. The journal is comprised of an editorial board of scholars that represent several academic institutions throughout the world. JBTS is concerned with presenting high level original scholarship in an approachable way. Academic journals are often written by scholars for other scholars. They are technical in nature, assuming a robust knowledge of the field. There are fewer journals that seek to introduce biblical and theological scholarship that is also accessible to students. JBTS seeks to provide high-level scholarship and research to both scholars and students, which results in original scholarship that is readable and accessible. As an inter-denominational journal, JBTS is broadly evangelical. We accept contributions in all theological disciplines from any evangelical perspective. In particular, we encourage articles and book reviews within the fields of Old Testament, New Testament, Biblical Theology, Church History, Systematic Theology, Practical Theology, Philosophical Theology, Philosophy, and Ethics. Please see the guidelines for submission at jbtsonline.org. Since JBTS is a broadly evangelical journal there will often be a variety of views that are represented that align with the evangelical Christian faith within each journal issue. The views expressed by contributors are not necessarily the views of the editors or the institutions that they represent. Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies EXECUTIVE EDITOR Justin L. McLendon (Grand Canyon University) EDITORS General Editor: Daniel S. Diffey (Grand Canyon University) Managing Editor: Ryan A. Brandt (Grand Canyon University) Managing Editor: Justin L. McLendon (Grand Canyon University) ASSOCIATE EDITORS Old Testament: Adam Howell (Boyce College) New Testament: Channing Crisler (Anderson University) Philosophical and Theological Studies: Joshua Farris (Houston Baptist University) BOOK REVIEW EDITORS Church History and Historical Theology: Chad Brand (Oklahoma Baptist University) Ministry and Pastoral Theology: Justin McLendon (Grand Canyon University) New Testament: Luke Hoselton (Grand Canyon University) Old Testament: Adam Howell (Boyce College) Philosophy, Ethics, and Apologetics: Bryan Baise (Boyce College) Philosophy of Religion and Analytic Theology: J. T. Turner (Fuller Theological Seminary) Systematic and Philosophical Theology: Joanna Leidenhag (University of Edinburgh) PRODUCTION AND DESIGN Production Editor: Dawn Juhas Production Editor: Matt McCormick Graphic Designer: Diana Cheek Graphic Designer: Billie Worth EDITORIAL BOARD Paul Allen (Concordia University, Montreal, Canada) Uche Anizor (Talbot School of Theology, Biola University) Benjamin Blackwell (Houston Baptist University) Simon Burton (University of Warsaw) Byron G. Curtis (Geneva College) Dan DeWitt (Cedarville University) Matthew Emerson (Oklahoma Baptist University) Kevin Giles (Retired Scholar, Melbourne, Australia) J. R. Gilhooly (Cedarville University) Steven Guest (South Asia Institute of Advanced Christian Studies) Greg Lanier (Reformed Theological Seminary, Orlando) David R. Maxwell (Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, MO) Clinton Ohlers (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) Paul Raabe (Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, MO) John Mark N. Reynolds (The Saint Constantine School and King’s College) Dave Schreiner (Indiana Wesleyan University) Bethany Sollereder (University of Oxford) Owen Strachan (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) Brad D. Strawn (Fuller Theological Seminary) Daniel von Wachter (International Academy of Philosophy, Gamprin, Liechtenstein) [JBTS 3.1 (2018): 1–8] Current Issues in Pastoral Theology: An Editorial Introduction JUSTIN L. MCLENDON, EXECUTIVE EDITOR OF SPECIAL ISSUE Justin teaches full-time at Grand Canyon University and is a Managing Editor of JBTS This special issue of the Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies features articles exploring current issues in pastoral theology. The articles within this issue address academic and ecclesial concerns across the evangelical spectrum. In keeping with the mission of JBTS—to relay content that is original and yet accessible—this issue contains articles uniquely formulated to speak to seminary students, busy ministers, and scholars academically engaged in the broad field of pastoral theology. This issue includes an even selection of articles from scholars working within various academic institutions, in addition to articles from pastors engaged in the trenches of everyday pastoral ministry. In sum, this issue offers a distinct set of voices from varied backgrounds, ministry methodologies, and denominational alliances. What is Pastoral Theology? What is pastoral theology, and where is its place in the broader fields of the theological disciplines? Answers to this question are elusive due to the conflation of terminology in current academic and ecclesial discourse. Part of the confusion centers on the relationship between practical theology and pastoral theology and how these disciplines are related yet distinct. These two fields are sometimes discussed interchangeably without providing any distinction between the two, further complicating discourse within contemporary discussion. For example, Richard Osmer defines practical theology as “the branch of Christian theology that teaches the members of the Christian community how to perform certain practices and to embody the mission of the church in a particular social context.”1 The strength of Osmer’s definition rests in the performing of theology within the broad Christian community. Thus, practical theology could include homiletics for some, counseling for others, and broadly speaking, for others it could include various components of generalized pastoral theology. Thus, the discipline of practical theology serves as the larger umbrella to each of its sub-disciplines, but it is important to note that while pastoral theology is a sub-set of the larger field of practical theology, it too is subject 1. Richard R. Osmer, “Practical Theology,” in Mapping Theology: A Thematic and Historical Introduction, eds. Kelly M. Kapic and Bruce L. McCormack (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2012), 319. 1 Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies 3.1 to being a catch all term for disciplines which do not easily fall within the greater discipline of practical theology. In other words, the discipline of practical theology includes subjects as broad as homiletics, counseling, and pastoral theology, and according to Elaine Graham, practical theology goes so far as to include “interactions with a range of non- theological disciplines, such as the modern psychologies, social and cultural theory, anthropology, and philosophy.”2 Within this expansive view of practical theology, one could make the discipline of practical theology apply to nearly any other field, particularly those centered upon human interactions. On the other hand, pastoral theology, as a sub-discipline of practical theology, includes practices such as general pastoral ministry, prayer, discipleship and numerous other practices most often associated with the specific duties of ecclesial ministry. In current discourse, preaching is viewed both as a sub discipline of practical theology (homiletics), and a specific duty of pastoral theology.3 Complicating matters further, some theologians use the term pastoral theology as the larger umbrella term rather than the common usage of practical theology. For example, Alister McGrath follows this line of thinking in his helpful but oversimplified distinctions of the theological branches.4 McGrath considers the “architecture” of theology to include biblical studies, systematic theology,