Operating Systems with Windows NT2000 Course Designer and Acquisition Editor Centre for Information Technology and Engineering Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Tirunelveli Contents CONTENTS Lecture Introduction to Networks 1 Introduction to Networks About PC Network Concept of Networking Benefits of Networks Types of Networks Classification of Networks Lecture 2 Introduction to NT 18 Introduction to NT Networking with Windows NT Server 4.0 Windows NT Server 4.0, the Internet and Intranets What New in Windows NT Server 4.0 Coming Attraction in Windows NT 5.0 Lecture 3 Understanding the Windows NT Operating System 27 Windows NT Operating System Features Windows NT System Architecture Lecture 4 NT Environmental Subsystems 38 Client and Protected subsystems server Lecture 5 Choosing Network Protocol 46 Understand the OSI Seven - Layer Model Comparing Windows NT and OSI Network Layers Networking with Windows NT’s Protocols Supporting a Variety of PC Clients Lecture 6 Network Topologies & Architecture 63 Access Methods Network Topologies Network Architecture Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Operating Systems with Windows NT/2000 Lecture 7 Transmission Media 80 Cable Media Wireless Media Comparisons of different Wireless Media Lecture 8 Network Adapter Card 97 Working of a Network Adapter Card Network Adapter Card Compatibility Configuring Network Adapter Cards Lecture 9 Connectivity Devices and Transfer Mechanism 109 Addressing Modems Repeaters Hubs Bridges Routing Gateways Lecture 10 File systems 123 File System NTFS File System Understanding NTFS Permission Compressing NTFS Files and Folders Lecture 11 Computer Security 143 Security & Windows NT C2 Security Requirements For C2 Security Lecture 12 Windows NT Server Installation 149 System Requirements Compatibility Issues Types of Installation Starting the Basic Installation Repairing the Windows NT Server Operating System Installation Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Contents Lecture 13 Setting up RAID 179 Understanding RAID Levels Creating Windows NT Server Stripe and Mirror sets Recovering a Software RAID 1 or RAID 5 Set Lecture 14 Installing File Backup Systems 189 Backup Types Developing a Backup Strategy Choosing Backup Hardware Windows NT Server 4.0 Backup Application Lecture 15 Windows NT Registry 204 Registry Basics Configuration settings in Registry Registry’s Organization Registry Editor Important Hives & Keys Inspecting Another Computer’s Registry Maintaining Registry Security Lecture 16 Using TCP/IP, WINS and DHCP 224 Role of TCP/IP Installing & Configuration TCP/IP Implementing DHCP Implementing WINS Lecture 17 Working with Domains 225 Win NT- Domain Models Domain Architecture & Security Implementing Domains and Trusts between Domains Lecture 18 Managing User Account 265 Working with User Manger for Domains Managing User accounts & their Properties Administering the Domain Account Policy Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Operating Systems with Windows NT/2000 Lecture 19 Managing Group Accounts 288 Managing User Groups Using Group Management Wizard Managing User Rights Policy Lecture 20 Sharing and Securing Network Resources 300 Sharing & Securing Folders and Files Replication Folders Sharing and Securing Network Printers Lecture 21 Monitoring the Network 321 Performance Monitor Network Monitor Event Viewer and Log Files Lecture 22 Optimizing the Network Server Performance 3440 Optimizing NT File and Print Server Optimizing NT as an Application Server Lecture 23 Troubleshooting 356 Hardware Problems Boot Failure Relating Network Protocols and Troubleshooting Issues Network Problem Using Protocol Analyzers Windows NT Server 4.0’s Primary Troubleshooting tools Lecture 23 Syllabus 374 YZ Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Introduction to Networks Lecture 1 Introduction to Networks Objectives In this Lecture you will learn the following: • Understanding the concept of network and its benefit • Classification Of Networking • Knowing the Types Of Network Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 1 Operating Systems with Windows NT/2000 Coverage Plan Lecture 1 1.1 Snap Shot 1.2 About PC Network 1.3 Concept of Networking 1.4 Benefits Of Networking 1.5 Types Of Networking 1.6 Classification Of Networking 1.6.1 Peer-to-peer-Networks 1.6.1.2 Peer-to-peer Operating Systems 1.6.2 Server-Based Network 1.7 Short Summary 1.8 Brain Storm 2 Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Introduction to Networks 1.1 Snap Shot - What is networking? A Computer network is a communication system, which connects two or more computers and peripheral devices, to allow sharing of resources, information, and services. Users in a network share a common pathway to communicate with each other. Connecting a number of computers (server and workstations), using wired media (cables) or wireless media forms a computer network. Each computer has a network interface card (NIC) installed in it and runs a piece of software (called network software) to achieve connectivity. Definition “A group of computer that are connected together for the purpose of sharing various computer software and hardware resources like input-output devices, memory, storage devices like hard disk etc.” 1.2 About PC Networks Before 1980s, mainframes and minicomputers were popular. These systems were, expensive, bulky, huge in size, and located in special rooms. The programs as well as data were centrally stored on the host (server) and processed centrally by the host. The clients had to work on “dumb’ terminals, which had no processing power. The terminals were connected to the host using a serial cable, supporting a data transfer rate of 9600 bits per second or lower. This type of processing is called centralized processing. It puts an extra burden on the host, as the host not only stores the data but also processes the data for every individual terminal. Though the host is a very high performance server, the centralized processing mechanism easily overloads the host even with the addition of few more users. This drastically reduces the overall network performance. Another disadvantage of mainframe systems was, they were proprietary to vendors, and hence the system expansion was difficult as well as expensive. Centralized Processing In Centralized processing the applications and data are centrally stored on the host and shared by the terminals attached to the host. The important aspect to be noticed here is that, the terminals don’t have any processing power and the data storage as well as processing is done on the host itself. Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University 3 Operating Systems with Windows NT/2000 Pros • As the data storage as well as processing is done on the hosts systems, it helps in reducing the cost of hardware for the client systems. Cons • The cost of hardware required for the host is very high as it needs very high capacity hard disk to store the shared applications and user data, and needs large amount of RAM as well. • The host gets loaded with additional number of terminals, as the terminals do not have the processing power of their own. Emergence of PC networks The first half of 1980’s saw the rise of personal computers. The Personal Computers (PCs) were restricted to a single user operating system (DOS) in its early days, and hence did not feature networking. Each PC was required to have its own resources (which could not be shared), and the transfer of data between the PCs was through floppy diskettes. As a first PC networking exercise, the UNIX operating system was ported to PCs, this worked fine. Later many network operating systems were designed, which broke the mainframe and minicomputer users to desktops. Novell’s NetWare operating system gave popularity to PC networks and was the most widely used network operating system until 1996/97. Today Microsoft’s Windows NT is leading the show with the largest market share among all the available operating systems. Except UNIX, the other entire range of network operating system used with PCs (E.g. Novell’s NetWare, Microsoft’s Windows NT, and IBM’s OS/2), feature distributed processing. In distributed processing environment, the programs (may be the data) are centrally stored on the server, but the processing is done individually at each workstation. This means when a user working on his PC (called workstation) requests for the program (or data) the request is sent to the server (usually called a file server.) The server then gives out the requested program (or data) to that workstation. When the user processes this data, the workstation does all the processing. This is different from the centralized processing, in which the data is processed at the host itself (or server) and only the result is displayed on the terminal. Distributed Processing In distributed processing system, each workstation processes its own data, the server does not get loaded easily with the addition of users, as in the case with centralized 4 Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Introduction to Networks processing. However, unlike the cheaper dumb terminals used in centralized environments, the distributed environments require every machine to have the required hardware. • As the data is processed by individual