MINEOLA BIBLE INSTITUTE AND SEMINARY Page | 1 Philosophy II Radically, Biblical, Apostolic, Christianity Bishop D.R. Vestal, PhD Larry L Yates, ThD, DMin “Excellence in Apostolic Education since 1991” 1 Copyright © 2019 Mineola Bible Institute Page | 2 All Rights Reserved This lesson material may not be used in any manner for reproduction in any language or use without the written permission of Mineola Bible Institute. 2 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7 Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) ........................................................................................... 8 Philip II of Macedonia (382-336 B.C.) ....................................................................................... 12 Page | 3 “Olympias the mother of Alexander was an evil woman. .......................................... 13 Philip II (of Macedonia) (382-336 BC) .............................................................................. 13 Aristotle (384-322 BC) ............................................................................................................... 15 Works .................................................................................................................................... 16 Methods ............................................................................................................................... 17 Doctrines ............................................................................................................................. 18 Eleusinian Mysteries ........................................................................................................ 40 Mysteries ............................................................................................................................. 41 Persephone ................................................................................................................................ 42 Pythagoras (582?-500? B.C.), ................................................................................................... 43 Basic Doctrines .................................................................................................................. 43 Theory of Numbers ........................................................................................................... 44 Astronomy ........................................................................................................................... 44 Seven Wise Men of Greece, ............................................................................................... 45 Seven Sages of Greece ....................................................................................................... 45 The wisdom of the sages ................................................................................................ 45 The context of sagacity ................................................................................................... 45 The sagacity of action ...................................................................................................... 46 The institution of sagacity .............................................................................................. 49 Thales (625?-546? B.C.), ..................................................................................................... 51 Thales ................................................................................................................................... 51 Thales of Miletus (ca. 624 B.C.-ca. 546 B.C.), ............................................................... 51 Life ......................................................................................................................................... 52 Background......................................................................................................................... 52 Business .............................................................................................................................. 53 Politics .................................................................................................................................. 54 3 Ethics .................................................................................................................................... 55 Sagacity ............................................................................................................................... 57 Death ..................................................................................................................................... 59 Nature, as the principles, in the form of matter ........................................................ 60 Page | 4 Water, as a first principle ................................................................................................ 61 Beliefs in divinity ............................................................................................................... 62 Geometry ............................................................................................................................. 64 Astronomy ........................................................................................................................... 67 Interpretations .................................................................................................................... 68 Theory................................................................................................................................... 68 Method .................................................................................................................................. 70 Classification ...................................................................................................................... 70 Influence on others ........................................................................................................... 71 Sources ................................................................................................................................ 71 Anaximenes (circa 570-500 B.C.), .................................................................................... 73 Anaximander (circa 611-c. 547 B.C.), .............................................................................. 73 Chilon of Sparta .................................................................................................................... 74 Periander ................................................................................................................................. 75 Xenophon (430?-355? B.C.), .............................................................................................. 76 Time Line................................................................................................................................. 78 Alexandria (Egypt), ............................................................................................................... 79 Alexandria, Library of, ......................................................................................................... 81 Library of Alexandria ........................................................................................................ 82 Problems of Historiography ........................................................................................... 83 The Library as a Research Institution .......................................................................... 83 The Collection .................................................................................................................... 85 The Destruction of the Library ....................................................................................... 85 References .......................................................................................................................... 88 Aristarchus of Samothrace ................................................................................................ 89 Aristophanes of Byzantium ............................................................................................... 89 4 Callimachus ............................................................................................................................ 90 Zenodotus ............................................................................................................................... 91 Plotinus ................................................................................................................................... 93 Biography ............................................................................................................................ 93 Page | 5 Expedition to Persia and return to Rome ................................................................... 94 Later life ............................................................................................................................... 94 Plotinus’ theory .................................................................................................................. 95 The One ................................................................................................................................ 95 Emanation by the One ...................................................................................................... 97 Philo Judaeus, ......................................................................................................................