CONTENTS ART & CULTURE 1. CULTURE OF INDIA .....................01-57 Kuthiyottam Ritual ............................ 30 Mahamastakabhisheka..................... 31 1.1 Characteristics of Indian Culture .............02 Dwijing Festival ................................ 32 Introduction ...................................... 02 Nongkrem Dance Festival ................. 32 Culture and Heritage ........................... 02 Bathukamma Festival ....................... 33 Indian Culture .................................... 02 Khajuraho Dance Festival ................. 33 Unity in Diversity ................................ 05 Chithirai Festival .............................. 34 1.2 Paleolithic Art ......................................09 National Banana Festival .................. 34 Introduction ...................................... 09 Chardham Yatra ............................... 35 Salient features of the paintings: .......... 09 Makaravilakku Festival ..................... 35 Harvest Festivals around India .......... 36 1.3 Art & Culture During Indus .....................11 Pakke Hornbill Fest as ..................... 36 Valley Civilization ‘State Festival’ Introduction ...................................... 11 Sangai Tourism Festival .................... 36 Art & Culture ..................................... 11 Behdiengkhlam Festival .................... 37 1.4 Indian Languages ..................................15 Cherry Blossom Festival ................... 38 Introduction ...................................... 15 Hornbill Festival ............................... 38 Indian languages: Their classifi cation.... 15 Ambubachi Mela .............................. 39 1.5 Religion & Indian Philosophy...................17 Lai Haraoba Festival ......................... 40 Early Vedic and Later Vedic Period ........ 17 Zo Kutpui festival ............................. 40 Sects of Hinduism .............................. 17 Aadi Mahotsav ................................. 41 Buddhism ......................................... 18 1.6 Indian Literature ...................................42 Jainism ............................................ 21 Vedic Literature ................................. 42 Indian Philosophy .............................. 23 Shruti Literature................................. 42 Bhakti & Sufi Movements .................... 24 Smriti Literature ................................ 43 Major Indian Religions ........................ 26 Classical Sanskrit Literature ................ 44 Miscellaneous ................................... 28 Buddhist Literature ............................. 46 Buddhism ........................................ 28 Jain Literature ................................... 47 Sadharan Brahmo Samaj .................. 28 Gupta Period Literature ....................... 47 Prayagraj Kumbha Mela 2019............ 29 Early Dravidian Literature .................... 48 Medieval Period Literature ................... 49 Markandeshwar Temple ................... 81 Mughal Period Literature ..................... 51 (mini Khajuraho) Literature During National Movement .... 52 Brihadeshwara Temple ..................... 82 Miscellaneous ................................... 55 Suranga Bawadi ............................... 82 Walmiki and Malhar: 2 unknown ....... 55 Lingaraj Temple ............................... 83 languages discovered 2.2 Indian Paintings ....................................84 1.7 Spread of Indian Culture Abroad ..............56 Introduction ...................................... 84 Introduction ...................................... 56 Mural Paintings ................................. 84 Cultural Expansion ............................. 56 Miniature Paintings ............................ 86 Modern School of Paintings ................. 89 2. VISUAL ARTS ...........................58-101 Folk Paintings of India ........................ 90 Miscellaneous ................................... 92 2.1 Architecture And Sculpture Since ...........59 Mauryan Age Mithila Paintings .............................. 92 Introduction ...................................... 59 Thanjavur Paintings .......................... 93 Mauryan Art ...................................... 59 Bagru Hand-Block Printing ................ 94 Architecture and Sculpture in .............. 61 Kalamkari Art ................................... 95 Post Mauryan Period Pattachitra Painting .......................... 95 Cave Architecture in Ancient India ........ 63 Bagru Block Printing ......................... 96 Temple Architecture ........................... 64 Bagh Print ........................................ 96 Indo-Islamic Architecture .................... 69 2.3 Indian Pottery.......................................98 Indo-Islamic Monuments Build ............. 71 Introduction ...................................... 98 Under Different Rulers Unglazed Pottery ............................... 98 Modern Architecture ........................... 72 Glazed Pottery ................................... 99 Contribution of Famous Architects ........ 73 Terracotta ....................................... 100 Modern Indian Sculpture ..................... 74 Papier - Mache ................................ 101 Miscellaneous ................................... 75 Khirki Mosque .................................. 75 Khajuraho Temple ............................ 76 3. PERFORMING ARTS ...............102-130 Konark Sun Temple .......................... 76 3.1 Classical Music ..................................103 Sri Meenakshi Sundareswarar .......... 77 Introduction .................................... 103 Temple Hindustani Music ............................. 104 Katas Raj Dham................................ 78 Carnatic Music ................................ 105 Kartarpur Corridor ............................ 78 Similarities & Differences Between .... 105 Rani-ki-Vav ....................................... 79 ‘Hindustani’ & ‘Carnatic’ Music Buddhist site museum at ................. 79 Miscellaneous ................................. 106 Lalitgiri in Odisha India’s First Music Museum ............ 106 World Capital of Architecture ........... 80 Chaukhandi Stupa ............................ 80 3.2 Musical Instruments ............................108 Stucco Sculpture .............................. 81 Introduction .................................... 108 3.3 Classical Forms of Dance .....................110 Traditional Sarees/Fabric of India ....... 135 Introduction .................................... 110 World Heritage Sites In India .............. 136 Miscellaneous ................................. 113 Important Festivals of ...................... 137 Dance Panel on Silappathikaram ..... 113 North East India Miscellaneous ................................. 138 3.4 Folk Dance Forms ...............................115 UNESCO’s List of Intangible ........... 138 Introduction .................................... 115 Cultural Heritage Folk Dances of North India ................. 115 UNESCO Global Geopark Network .. 138 Folk Dances of Central India .............. 117 Status Folk Dances of South India ................ 118 Kambala ........................................ 139 Folk Dances of North Eastern India ..... 118 Government Institutions related ..... 140 Folk Dances of North West India ......... 119 to Art & Culture Folk Dances of South West India ......... 120 Sangeet Natak Akademi ................. 142 Miscellaneous ................................. 121 International Buddhist Conference .. 143 Kamsale Dance .............................. 121 International Conference on Guru .... 143 Chhau Dance ................................. 122 Padmasambhava Assamese Bhaona ......................... 123 11th World Hindi Conference............ 143 17th World Sanskrit Conference ....... 144 3.5 Drama/Theatre ...................................124 42nd Session of World Heritage ....... 144 Introduction .................................... 124 Committee (WHC) Folk Theatres .................................. 124 Padma Awards ............................... 145 Modern Theatre ............................... 127 Jnanpith Award .............................. 145 3.6 Puppet Forms of India ..........................128 Gandhi prize................................... 145 Introduction .................................... 128 Recent GI Tags .............................. 146 Miscellaneous ................................. 130 Kodava community ......................... 147 Tholu Bommalata ........................... 130 Schemes & Initiatives ..................... 147 Swadesh Darshan Scheme .............. 147 4. MISCELLANEOUS ...................131-155 Sanskriti Kumbh ............................. 148 Indian Calendars .............................. 132 Bhasha Sangam Program ............... 149 Martial Arts of India ......................... 132 National Mission for Manuscripts ... 150 Classical Languages ......................... 133 (NMM) Important Ancient Universities ........... 133 PRASAD Scheme ............................ 150 Printing, Weaving and Embroidery ...... 135 Terminologies Associated with ....... 151 Styles in India Indian Culture UNIT 1 CULTURE OF INDIA 1 CHAPTER CHARACTERISTICS OF 1.1 INDIAN CULTURE Introduction Culture is the soul of a nation. On the basis of culture, we can experience the prosperity of its past and present.