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In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. UniversiV M icr^tlm s International 300 N. ZEEB RD.. ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 8215914 Patel, Varsha Oihotalal POLLEN CHARACTERS IN RELATION TO THE DELIMITATION OF MYRTALES The University of Oklahoma Ph.D. 1982 University Microfilms Internstion&l 300N.ZeebRoad.AnnAibor,MI48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V. 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print _____ 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy ______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy _ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages X ' 8. Print exceeds margin requirements _____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine ______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. Page(s) ___________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered ___________ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ______ 15. Other _____________________________________________________________ University Microfilms international THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE POLLEN CHARACTERS IN RELATION TO THE DELIMITATION OF MYRTALES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY VARSHA C. PATEL 1982 POLLEN CHARACTERS IN RELATION TO THE DELIMITATION OF MYRTALES APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is prepared as a part of the symposium "Myrtales: Composition and Relationships" held at the XIII International Botanical Congress 1981, Sydney, Australia. It is to be published in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. John ]. Skvarla for his help, guidance, and encouragement, and to Dr. Peter Raven for the suggestion of the topic and his advice. I also wish to thank Dr. James R. Estes, Dr. Mary Whitmore, Dr. Charles P. Daghlian, and Dr. Norman H. Boke for their helpful suggestions on the manuscript. I am grateful to everyone who provided specimens for this study, especially Dr. Peter Hoch (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis), Dr. Rudolf Schmid (Univ. of California, Berkeley), Dr. Frank Almeda (California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco), Dr. Barbara Briggs (Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney), Dr. Alan Graham (Kent State Univ., Kent), Dr. I. K. Ferguson (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), and Dr. Rolf Dahlgren (Botanical Museum of the Univ. of Copenhagen). I greatly appreciate the technical assistance of Mr. Bill Chissoe and Miss Susan Nelson. Finally, special thanks goes to my husband, Suresh Shah, for his support and encouragement. X ll TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................... v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................... v i ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ v i i i INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................ 2 TERMINOLOGY......................................................................................................... 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.................................................................................... 5 Lythraceae ............................................................................................................. 5 Punicaceae ............................................................................................. 13 Sonneratiaceae .................................................................................................... 14 T ra p a c e a e ............................................................................................................ 16 O lin ia ceae ............................................................................................................ 18 Combretaceae .................................................................................................... 21 Alzateaceae ........................................................................................................ 26 Penaeaceae ............................................................................................................ 28 Crypteroniaceae ................................................................................................ 31 Melastomataceae ......................................................................................... 33 Myrtaceae (including Psiioxylaceae) ............................................................... 38 Onagraceae ............................................................................................................ 47 Pollen Morphology in Relation to Taxonomy .................................................. 50 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS........................................................................... 59 LITERATURE C ITED ............................................................................................... 63 ILLUSTRATIONS........................................................................................................ 71 IV LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1 Comparison of Recent Classification System s .................................. 57 2 Pollen Examined .............................................................................................157 V LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE Page 1 Lythraceae (SEM) ................................................................................... 72 2 Lythraceae (SEM) ................................................................................... 74 3 Lythraceae (SEM) ................................................................................... 76 4 Punicaceae, Alzateaceae, Lythraceae and Sonneratiaceae (SEM) .............................................................. 78 5 Lythraceae (TEM) ................................................................................... 80 6 Lythraceae, Alzateaceae, and Punicaceae (T E M ) .......................... 83 7 Trapaceae (S E M ) ................................................................................... 85 8 Trapaceae (S E M ) .................................................................................... 87 9 Trapaceae (TEM) .................................................................................... 89 10 Oliniaceae (S E M ) .................................................................................... 91 11 Oliniaceae (S E M ) .................................................................................... 93 12 Oliniaceae (T E M ) .................................................................................... 95 13 Combretaceae ( S E M ) ............................................................................ 97 14 Combretaceae ( S E i\i; ......................................... 99 15 Combretaceae ( S E M )............................................................................ 101 16 Combretaceae ( S E M ) ............................................................................ 103 17 Combretaceae ( T E M ) ...........................................................................