Volume 21, Number 1, June 2015 Published twice per year since The President’s Papyrus 1993 Copyright 2015, The Amarna Greetings Amarnaphiles, Research Foundation Pardon the delay in getting this issue of the Sun to you but it proved Table of Contents to be a little bit of a challenge in getting material together for this memorial addition in memory of our founder, Bob Hanawalt. That Article -- Author Page being said, I think that you are going to enjoy this issue. Meeting Bob Hanawalt - Our founder, Bob Hanawalt was a great friend and a great lover of Barry Kemp 2 ancient Egypt in general and Amarna in particular. His interest and A Premature Death – fascination with the Amarna period led to the foundation of this Dietrich Wildung 4 organization which has proven to be indispensible in furthering the work of Barry Kemp and the Amarna Expedition. You will read Yuya & Tuya - how it all began when you read Barry Kemp’s article. Since I David Pepper 8 myself was one of the very first individuals that Bob solicited to help in the formation of this organization, and I have been involved The Great Aten Temple -- in its development from the very beginning. Barry Kemp 16 As you read and enjoy this issue of the Sun, please do so in memory Officers and Directors of Bob Hanawalt, who’s love and fascination with this unique period of Egyptian history has made it possible for this organization President – Floyd Chapman and its work to exist. Please continue to support our foundation Vice President – David Pepper with your dues and donations so that we can continue to fund the Secretary – Anita McHugh research and conservation of Amarna. Treasurer – Evan Mitchell Membership – Jill Taylor Pepper Best wishes to you all, Publications – David Pepper Website – Merrie P. Wycoff Director – Tim Henry Floyd Director – Laura Engle Director – Robyn Steffelin Founder – Robert Hanawalt 1 How it began – my first meeting with Bob Hanawalt by Barry Kemp In the 1990s I had developed the practice of returning to Amarna in September, often on my own, to spend a month doing useful things that I had not had time to do in the Spring. One of those useful things was to work at the North Palace, perhaps with a single workman, making a fresh plan of the building, or, with a group of builders, supervising repairs to the brickwork. It was on one of those occasions, in 1994 or thereabouts, that I became aware that a large, genial man had been allowed to enter the barbed-wire enclosure around the North Palace and was intent upon talking to me. This was my first meeting with Bob Figure 1 – Bob Hanawalt at Amarna Bob had been taken around Amarna, I think by Samir Anis, who was one of the leading antiquities officials in the Minia district. Bob had noticed that, at the South Tombs, six of the numbered tombs were without iron doors, or any form of protection. These were tombs which were sufficiently finished to warrant being given their own number but which contained little or no decoration. The largest was no. 16, perhaps architecturally the most beautifully finished tomb at Amarna, its walls and columns still a largely unblemished white from a gypsum plaster coating, but lacking a single hieroglyph or incised line. Spotting an opportunity to do something good and useful at Amarna, Bob had offered to pay to have iron doors put on these six tombs. The antiquities organization of Egypt does not, however, have an administrative route that can receive and then quickly spend targeted donations of this kind. He therefore offered the donation to me, on behalf of the Egypt Exploration Society. The following September I had the set of six iron doors manufactured, each one within its frame and made to fit snugly inside the limestone doorway of each tomb. At the same time, I had had made in the UK a set of small enameled plaques announcing the number of each of the South Tombs (from nos. 7 to 25) and, where known, the tomb owner. I remember how, in the heat of that September, our chief builder, Shahata Fahmy and his assistants, toiled in the mid-day sun to fit the iron doors and the plaques. It was a job well done. 2 The doors are still there and in good condition – I visited them yesterday whilst taking a group of anthropology students on a visit to the South Tombs – although, after twenty years of sandstorms and exposure to the harsh light of the Aten, the enameled plaques now need to be replaced. The iron doors and plaques were the first part of Bob’s legacy to Amarna, one that should not be forgotten. It marked the start of a friendship that saw me making an annual visit to his house in Colorado, receiving his and Arnetta’s hospitality and many acts of kindness. For a while, as my youngest daughter Frances developed an interest in playing the flute, Bob, a keen musician, lent her a flute to encourage her. And, of course, the Amarna Research Foundation was his creation. Over the years its underpinning grants to the Amarna expedition have greatly assisted in keeping us going. Generous, kind and with an engaging quirkiness of interests (he showed me pictures of himself as an amateur magician), that is the Bob whose memory I honour. 5 June 2015 Some of the Projects TARF has funded: 1. Security doors for the Southern tombs 2. Security fencing for the Northern palace 3. Clearance, recording, and stabilization of buildings and structures (e.g. the North Palace) 4. Foundation outlines, and mud bricks and stone blocks for reconstruction of buildings 5. Statuary excavation, reconstruction, and publication 6. 18 foot Helium Blimp for aerial surveying 7. Total Station for surveying 8. Contributions towards bone studies of individuals from the worker’s cemetery 9. Excavation support for the Lesser and Greater Aten Temples 10. Student scholarships 11. Security fence for the Kom el Nana Figure 2 - Bob at the 2012 TARF Annual Meeting 3 A Premature Death Dietrich Wildung The passing away of a good friend is always premature and shocking – especially after many years full of good memories. The premature death of a young man to be commemorated here may have shocked first of all his parents, pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiyi; they lost their eldest son who had been named after his grandfather Thutmosis. As crown-prince he was predestined to one day succeed his father on the throne. Despite this important position in the pedigree of the 18th dynasty, prince Thutmosis has been overlooked or omitted in most scholarly and popular histories of Ancient Egypt – no wonder, as he never ascended the throne, since just a few authentic records of his lifetime have been found so far, and later generations, down to Herodotus and Manetho, didn’t mention him at all. Figure 1 - Sarcophagus of a cat, dedicated by crown-prince Thutmosis. From Mitrahina. Cairo, CG 5003 (Photo: D. Johannes) 4 The best known monument mentioning prince Thutmosis is the limestone coffin of a cat (fig. 1) discovered at Mitrahina (ancient Memphis) [1]. In the hieroglyphic inscriptions Thutmosis is called “The king’s eldest son, the overseer of all priests of Upper and Lower Egypt, the greatest of the chiefs of craftsmen”. This last title, designating the High Priest of Ptah, makes him the highest authority at the main sanctuary at Memphis, this most prestigious centre of pharaonic traditions. Thutmosis’ name, written on the lid of the cat’s sarcophagus, is followed by m3’ ḫrw, “true of voice” – which means that he had already passed away when the burial of the cat (previously ordered by him?) took place. As high priest of Ptah, Thutmosis was responsible for the cult of the Apis bull, the”living repetition of Ptah”, and it was this Thutmosis who organized the first representative burial of an Apis bull at Saqqâra [2]. Remains of this burial monument have been discovered by Auguste Mariette, a small kiosk on a podium above an underground tomb chamber. This “isolated tomb” is the nucleus of the Serapeum, founded just a few steps away by Khaemwaset under Ramses II ,and continuing until the Ptolemaic Period as the most splendid of the large underground animal necropolis of Egypt. On a limestone relief fragment (fig. 2) from this Apis burial, prince Thutmosis is represented with globular wig and the side-lock of the High Priest of Ptah, standing behind his father and holding an ointment vessel [3]. His facial features show the typical “sweet” style of Amenhotep III. The remains of the hieroglyphic inscription above his head identify him as “sem priest Thutmosis”. Figure 2 - Relief fragment from the first Apis burial at Saqqâra. Munich GL 93 (Photo: D. Wildung) 5 Figure 3 - Miniature coffin of Thutmosis. Berlin VÄGM 122/2002 (Photo: Sandra Steiϐ) From Mariette’s excavations at Saqqâra come several ceramic vessels inscribed in hieratic with the name of Thutmosis, and large canopic jars of the Apis [4]. The key piece concerning this prince is a miniature anthropoid limestone coffin (fig. 3) containing a tiny statuette of a mummy-shaped figure with globular wig and side-lock on a funerary bier (fig. 4) [5]. A human- headed ba-bird is squatting on this figure, extending his winged human arms around its chest. The foot end and head end of the funerary bed with lion-shaped legs and lion heads show the kneeling relief figures of Isis and Nephthys. A short hieroglyphic text on the two sides of the bier and on the mummiform figure reads: “The enlightened one, the sem Thutmosis, the deceased”.