Lesley University DigitalCommons@Lesley Educational Studies Dissertations Graduate School of Education (GSOE) Spring 4-6-2018 The Leadership of Principals and Their nflueI nce on Student Learning in Public and Private Schools in Tripura, India Pinto Paul [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/education_dissertations Part of the Educational Leadership Commons, Other Educational Administration and Supervision Commons, and the Other Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons Recommended Citation Paul, Pinto, "The Leadership of Principals and Their nflueI nce on Student Learning in Public and Private Schools in Tripura, India" (2018). Educational Studies Dissertations. 134. https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/education_dissertations/134 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School of Education (GSOE) at DigitalCommons@Lesley. 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Running Head: LEADERSHIP INFLUENCES ON STUDENT LEARNING The Leadership of Principals and Their Influence on Student Learning in Public and Private Schools in Tripura, India A Dissertation Presented by Pinto Paul Submitted to the Graduate School of Education Lesley University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY April 2018 Ph.D. Educational Studies Educational Leadership Specialization LEADERSHIP INFLUENCES ON STUDENT LEARNING i TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. x List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. xi Preface........................................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 8 Guiding Questions ................................................................................................................... 8 Definition of Terms......................................................................................................................... 8 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................................ 9 Delimitations of the Study ............................................................................................................ 10 Chapter Outline ............................................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................... 13 Public and Private Education in India ........................................................................................... 13 The Evolution of Indian Education ........................................................................................... 16 Curriculum and Instruction ....................................................................................................... 18 Government Mandated Reform Policies and Improvement Efforts .......................................... 19 Current Context and State of Schools in Tripura ...................................................................... 24 Public School System in Tripura ............................................................................................... 27 Private Schools in India............................................................................................................. 30 Paul. 04/06/2018 LEADERSHIP INFLUENCES ON STUDENT LEARNING ii International Standards for Education .......................................................................................... 32 Educational Theories Regarding Teaching, Learning and Leading .......................................... 32 International Reform Efforts ..................................................................................................... 42 Standards-based Curriculum and Assessment........................................................................... 43 Professional Standards for Teachers ......................................................................................... 46 Teaching and Student Performance........................................................................................... 47 Standards for Educational Leaders ............................................................................................ 48 Factors and Conditions that Inhibit or Promote the Efforts of Principals in Meeting the Standards ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Role of the Principal in India .................................................................................................... 50 Leadership Approaches Influencing Student Learning ............................................................. 52 School Culture ........................................................................................................................... 54 Lack of Leadership Autonomy .................................................................................................. 56 Professional Development Opportunities.................................................................................. 59 Parent and Community Involvement......................................................................................... 59 Approaches School Leaders Use to Address the Challenges of Meeting the Standards .............. 60 Leading Change Efforts ............................................................................................................ 60 Creating a Collaborative Culture............................................................................................... 65 Developing a Vision .................................................................................................................. 67 Providing Continuous Professional Development .................................................................... 67 Creating a Standards-based Instructional System ..................................................................... 68 Adapting Comprehensive School Reform Models.................................................................... 69 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 76 Paul. 04/06/2018 LEADERSHIP INFLUENCES ON STUDENT LEARNING iii CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OF THE STUDY ................................................................................... 79 Rationale for Qualitative Case Study Methodology ..................................................................... 79 Participants ................................................................................................................................ 80 Setting........................................................................................................................................ 81 Instrumentation ............................................................................................................................. 82 Data Collection Methods .............................................................................................................. 88 Data Analysis Methods ................................................................................................................. 91 Confidentiality of Subject Data and Identity ................................................................................ 92 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 92 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 95 Data Collected For Question 1: What are the Factors and Conditions that Influence the Leadership Practices of Principals in Tripura? ............................................................................. 95 Data Analysed to Answer Guiding Question 1 ........................................................................... 108 Themes that Emerged for Guiding Question 1 from Principals Perceptions .......................... 111 Themes that Emerged for Guiding Question 1 from Teachers Perceptions ............................ 118 Findings for Guiding Question 1 ...............................................................................................