Supervised by: Laura de Franchis Head of Food Security Analysis and Monitoring, WFP Kanwal Bokharey National Programme Officer, SDC Dr. Abid Qaiyum Suleri Executive Director, SDPI Lead Authors: Dr. Abid Qaiyum Suleri (SDPI) Sahib Haq (WFP) Special Contributions: Wolfgang Herbinger (WFP) Shakeel Ahmad Ramay (SDPI) Afshan Ahmed (SDPI) Support Team: Afsheen Anwar (WFP) Tehreem Sheikh (WFP) Editorial Team: Antonia Settle; Ayesha Salman; and Laura de Franchis Mapping by: Muhammad Siddique (WFP) For questions concerning any aspect of the survey and this report please contact: Sahib Haq: [email protected] Dr. Abid Qaiyum Suleri: [email protected] Sponsored by: SDC‐Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDPI‐Sustainable Development Policy Institute WFP‐World Food Programme Pakistan FOOD INSECURITY IN PAKISTAN 2009 SDC SDPI WFP TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 5 FOOD AVAILABILITY ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Wheat ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Punjab .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1.2 Sindh ............................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ...................................................................................................... 13 2.1.4 FATA .............................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.5 Balochistan ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.6 Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) regions .................... 14 2.2 Rice .......................................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Maize ....................................................................................................................................... 18 2.4 Cereal crop production ............................................................................................................. 22 2.4.1 Punjab .............................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.2 Sindh ............................................................................................................................... 22 2.4.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ...................................................................................................... 23 2.4.4 FATA .............................................................................................................................. 23 2.4.5 Balochistan ...................................................................................................................... 23 2.4.6 Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) regions .................... 23 2.5 Crop-based food ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.5.1 Punjab .............................................................................................................................. 26 2.5.2 Sindh ............................................................................................................................... 26 2.5.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ...................................................................................................... 26 2.5.4 FATA .............................................................................................................................. 26 2.5.5 Balochistan ...................................................................................................................... 27 2.5.6 Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) regions .................... 27 2.6 Animal-based food ................................................................................................................... 27 2.6.1 Punjab .............................................................................................................................. 30 2.6.2 Sindh ............................................................................................................................... 30 2.6.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ...................................................................................................... 30 2.6.4 FATA .............................................................................................................................. 30 2.6.5 Balochistan ...................................................................................................................... 31 2.6.6 Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) regions .................... 31 2.7 Overall Animal and Plant based Food Availability ................................................................. 31 2.7.1 Punjab .............................................................................................................................. 33 2.7.2 Sindh ............................................................................................................................... 33 2.7.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ...................................................................................................... 33 2.7.4 FATA .............................................................................................................................. 34 2.7.5 Balochistan ...................................................................................................................... 34 2.7.6 Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) regions .................... 34 ACCESS TO FOOD ............................................................................................................................. 47 3.1 Food Consumption ................................................................................................................... 49 3.2 Households Income .................................................................................................................. 50 3.3 Child Dependency .................................................................................................................... 51 3.4 Living condition-kacha houses ................................................................................................ 54 3.5 Food Expenditure (Access) ...................................................................................................... 54 3.6 Market prices of food commodities ......................................................................................... 56 3.7 Coping Strategies ..................................................................................................................... 57 3.8 Access to Food ......................................................................................................................... 58 FOOD INSECURITY IN PAKISTAN 2009 SDC SDPI WFP i 3.8.1 Punjab .............................................................................................................................. 60 3.8.2 Sindh ............................................................................................................................... 60 3.8.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ...................................................................................................... 60 3.8.4 FATA .............................................................................................................................. 60 3.8.5 Balochistan ...................................................................................................................... 61 3.8.6 Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) regions .................... 61 3.9 The Reason for low access to food .......................................................................................... 61 FOOD ABSORPTION .......................................................................................................................... 71 4.1 Sanitation ................................................................................................................................. 71 4.1.1 Punjab .............................................................................................................................. 73 4.1.2 Sindh ............................................................................................................................... 73 4.1.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ...................................................................................................... 73 4.1.4 FATA .............................................................................................................................. 73 4.1.5 Balochistan .....................................................................................................................