LADP in Iraq – Missan PDS Local Area Development Programme in Iraq Financed by the Implemented European Union by UNDP PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MISSAN GOVERNORATE February 2018 LADP in Iraq – Missan PDS 2 LADP in Iraq – Missan PDS FOREWORD BY THE GOVERNOR … 3 LADP in Iraq – Missan PDS 4 LADP in Iraq – Missan PDS CONTENT PDS Missan Governorate Foreword by the Governor ............................................................................................................................... 3 Content ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Purpose of the PDS ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2. Organisation of the PDS .............................................................................................................................. 11 3. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 11 4. PDS development process ........................................................................................................................... 12 I. Context ................................................................................................................................................... 15 1. Location and administrative division .......................................................................................................... 15 2. Geography, natural resources, environment ............................................................................................. 16 2.1. Landscape and geology .................................................................................................................................. 16 2.2. Mineral and hydrocarbon resources ............................................................................................................. 17 2.3. Climate ............................................................................................................................................................ 18 2.4. Surface water resources ................................................................................................................................ 18 2.5. Groundwater resources ................................................................................................................................. 19 2.6. Soils ................................................................................................................................................................. 19 2.7. Ecoregions ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.8. Marshlands ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 3. History .......................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.1. Historical significance..................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2. Recent history ................................................................................................................................................ 26 II. Social profile ........................................................................................................................................... 28 1. Population structure and trends ................................................................................................................. 28 2. Ethnic and religious structure ..................................................................................................................... 30 3. IDPs ............................................................................................................................................................... 30 4. Living conditions .......................................................................................................................................... 31 5. Vulnerable groups and social protection.................................................................................................... 36 6. Human rights, civil society, public participation and media ...................................................................... 37 6.1. The human rights situation ............................................................................................................................ 37 6.2. Gender issues ................................................................................................................................................. 38 6.3. Civil society and Media .................................................................................................................................. 39 III. Economic profile ..................................................................................................................................... 40 1. Economic development ............................................................................................................................... 40 2. Industry ........................................................................................................................................................ 44 3. Agriculture .................................................................................................................................................... 46 4. Trade ............................................................................................................................................................. 50 5. Tourism ......................................................................................................................................................... 51 6. Investment ................................................................................................................................................... 55 IV. Public service delivery ............................................................................................................................ 58 1. Transport network ....................................................................................................................................... 58 2. Electricity ...................................................................................................................................................... 60 3. Water supply service ................................................................................................................................... 63 3.1. Drinking water supply .................................................................................................................................... 63 3.2. Irrigation water supply ................................................................................................................................... 65 3.3. Water resource management ....................................................................................................................... 66 5 LADP in Iraq – Missan PDS 4. Wastewater management service .............................................................................................................. 68 5. Waste management .................................................................................................................................... 70 6. Communications .......................................................................................................................................... 72 7. Healthcare .................................................................................................................................................... 74 8. Education ..................................................................................................................................................... 76 8.1. Pre-school education ..................................................................................................................................... 77 8.2. Primary and secondary education................................................................................................................. 78 8.3. Vocational education ..................................................................................................................................... 80 8.4. Higher education ............................................................................................................................................ 81 V. Governance ...........................................................................................................................................