CULTIVAR & GERMPLASM RELEASES HORTSCIENCE 30(6):1320–1323. 1995. Provvidenti, 1987a). B-21 carries resistance to BCMV, BYMV (Dickson and Natti, 1968), BlCMV, cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus Five Multiple-virus-resistant Common (CABMV) (Provvidenti et al., 1983), TMV (Thompson et al., 1962), and WMV Bean Breeding Lines (Provvidenti, 1974) as governed by the I, By- 2, Bcm, Cam, Tm, and Hsw genes, respectively B. Scully1 (Kyle and Provvidenti, 1993; Provvidenti et Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3200 East al., 1989). B-21 also is resistant to PeMV (unpublished data). In B-21, the I gene confers Palm Beach Road, Belle Glade, FL 33430-8003 resistance to BCMV pathogenicity groups I, R. Provvidenti2 II, IVa, Va, Vb, and VII and high-temperature- sensitive resistance to groups III, IVb, VIa, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, VIb (Drijfhout, 1978). The BCMV reaction NY 14456 profile of GN-1140 is equivalent to the differ- 3 ential GN-123, including tolerance to patho- D. Benscher genicity groups VIa and VIb; resistance to Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 South pathotypes I, II, III, Va, and Vb; and suscepti- West 280 Street, Homestead, FL 33031-3314 bility to groups IVa, IVb, and VII as condi- tioned by bc-u and bc-12 (Table 1). When the 4 D.E. Halseth I gene is coupled with these recessive alleles, Department of Fruit and Vegetable Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, tolerance or resistance is expanded to more NY 14853 BCMV pathotypes, and these genotypes are protected against systemic hypersensitive ne- J.C. Miller, Jr.5 crosis induced by high temperatures. The I Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, gene also is linked tightly to a set of dominant TX 77843-2133 genes that confers temperature-sensitive re- sistance to the potyviruses azuki mosaic virus D.H. Wallace6 (AzMV), BlCMV, CABMV, and WMV and Department of Plant Breeding, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 temperature-insensitive resistance to passion- fruit woodiness virus-K (PWV-K) and zuc- Additional index words. Phaseolus vulgaris, potyvirus, single-seed descent chini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV); however, infection with Thailand passionfruit virus The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) soybean mosaic (SMV), tobacco mosaic (ThPV) and SMV produces a lethal veinal is threatened by >30 viral disorders world- (TMV), and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). necrosis (Fisher and Kyle, 1995; Kyle and wide. These diseases are primarily insect vec- Dickson, 1987). Resistance to WMV in B-21 tored, and host plant resistance provides the Origin is governed by the temperature-sensitive Hsw most effective and economical control method. gene and the seasonally affected Wmv gene The objective of our breeding program was to These breeding lines were derived from a from GN-1140 (Kyle and Provvidenti, 1987; pyramid a series of resistance genes into a cross between Great Northern-1140 (GN-1140) Provvidenti et al., 1989). Resistance to SMV genetically diverse set of breeding lines. By and B-21 (Provvidenti et al., 1989). GN-1140 in GN-1140 is conferred by the temperature- developing an elite set of breeding lines with is resistant to BBWV (Provvidenti, 1983, 1988, insensitive Smv gene, but the Hss gene found broad-spectrum virus resistance, a gene or 1993), CYVV (Provvidenti and Schroeder, in B-21 induces a temperature-insensitive le- group of genes can be more easily incorpo- 1973), PeMV (Schroeder and Provvidenti, thal veinal necrosis (Table 1) (Kyle and rated into existing regional cultivars. The spe- 1968), SMV (Provvidenti et al., 1982), WMV Provvidenti, 1993). The Wmv and Smv genes cific viruses addressed by this effort include (Provvidenti, 1974), and certain pathotypes of cosegregate and are nonpathotype specific; bean common mosaic (BCMV), bean yellow BCMV (Provvidenti, 1993) as conferred by Hss and Hsw also are nonpathotype specific mosaic (BYMV), broad bean wilt (BBWV), Bbw, cyv (formerly by-3), By, Smv, Wmv, and and are linked tightly to I, as are Bcm and Cam blackeye cowpea mosaic (BlCMV), clover bc-u coupled with bc-12, respectively (Table 1) (Fisher and Kyle, 1994; Kyle and yellow vein (CYVV), pea mosaic (PeMV), (Drijfhout, 1978; Kyle and Provvidenti, 1987; Provvidenti, 1987, 1993). The previously listed Received for publication 15 June 1995. Accepted Table 1. Virus diseases, resistance genes, sources of resistance, and isolates associated with the development for publication 18 June 1995. Florida Agricultural of multiple-virus-resistant bean breeding lines. Expt. Station Journal Series no. R-03451. We grate- Resistance Source of fully acknowledge the assistance of L. Hymes, B. Virus disease gene(s) Isolate resistance Rich, D. Robinson, D. Scheuring, D. Smallwood, Bean common mosaic (BCMV) I NY-15 (NY68-95) B-21 and Y. Thomas. We also thank Jim Myers, Matt z Silbernagel, R.A. Forester, Carl Strausbaugh, and bc-u, bc-12 NL-3 GN-1140 Eduardo Vallejos for their independent testing of bc-u, bc-12 NL-5 GN-1140 these lines. The cost of publishing this paper was bc-u, bc-12 NL-8 (NY82-20) GN-1140 defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) By-2 Hagedorn isol. 1 B-21 Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must Blackeye cowpea mosaic (BlCMV) Bcm BlCMV-Fla B-21 be hereby marked advertisement solely to indicate Broad bean wilt (BBWV) Bbw NY82-30 GN-1140 this fact. Cowpea aphid borne mosaic (CABMV) Cam CAbMV-Mor B-21 Clover yellow vein (CYVV) cyv NY68-104 GN-1140 1Associate Professor; to whom reprint requests should be addressed. Pea mosaic (PeMV) By NY58-1027 GN-1140 Soybean mosaic (SMV) Smv NY76-6 GN-1140 2Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor Emeritus of Plant Pathology. Tobacco mosaic (TMV) Tm McR & Alex-3 B-21 Watermelon mosaic (WMV)y Wmv NY62-76 GN-1140 3Senior Biological Scientist. Hsw B-21 4Associate Professor. 5Professor. zGN-1140 = Great Northern 1140. 6Professor Emeritus. yFormerly watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2). 1320 HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 30(6), OCTOBER 1995 diseases are potyviruses, except for BBWV, a (Table 2). B-21, the source of the I gene, The first flowers are set between nodes five fabavirus, and TMV, a tobamovirus developed apical necrosis due to breakdown and eight, with anthesis occurring after the (Provvidenti, 1993). of resistance, which was attributed to elevated expression of nine to 11 main-stem nodes. A modified single-seed descent (SSD) pro- temperatures (≥30C) in the greenhouse. These Flowers are produced up the main stem and on gram was used to develop five breeding lines lines also were resistant to BBWV, BlCMV, secondary branches, but fruit set ceases before (Brim, 1966; Scully and Federer, 1993). For BYMV, CYVV, PeMV, SMV, TMV, and main-stem node 15. Most pods are set within simply inherited traits, SSD schemes can ef- WMV. WMV inoculations were not conducted the canopy, and all are indehiscent types typi- fectively stack desirable genes from the donor across a temperature differential, so resistance cal of dry beans; however, some lines have parents to produce recombinant inbred lines. based on Hsw or Hsw in combination with invaginated locules. This SSD program was modified to include Wmv could not be distinguished specifically. SP 6C. Seeds of this “off-type” pinto have selection for resistance to a single different Morphology. These five breeding lines pro- a light tan to brown background with black virus with each generation of inbreeding, the duce indeterminate plants that range to 50 cm foreground markings, and a usual test weight use of double-seed descent in the F3 genera- in canopy height and spread, and generally of 25.0 g. Individual seed average 1.13 cm tion, and a delay of progeny testing until the carry 80 to >100 leaves on a CIAT Type IIIb long, 0.65 cm wide, and 0.50 cm deep; they are conclusion of all selections (Fig. 1). In the F2 plant growth habit (Adams et al., 1985). Plants slightly curved to straight. Pods range to 13.0 generation, 1400 plants were inoculated with are somewhat open, irregularly rounded, and cm in length and 1.0 cm in width. They are CYVV to reveal the homozygous cyv indi- more or less upright, but they become straight to slightly bowed, partially undulate, viduals. Two progeny from each of the CYVV- semiprostrate as the pod load matures. The and round to flat. The apicule is curved and 1.0 resistant plants were advanced to the F3 and canopy is distinguished by a more compact to 1.5 cm long. Pods have five to seven seeds, inoculated with the African strain NL-8 (patho- appearance toward the base, with four to seven dry to a tan color, and are prominently streaked genicity group III) of BCMV (Provvidenti et protruding runners that commonly range from purple, which eventually fades to brown. A al., 1984) to reveal the double recessive 50 to 75 cm but may extend ≤1.0 m and single inflorescence with four to six purple bc-u/bc-u bc-12/bc-12 individuals. Recessive intertwine variably. The main stem has ≤20 flowers is produced in each fertile axil having genes were screened in the F2 and F3 genera- nodes, with secondary branching on nodes about two pods set per inflorescence. SP 6C tions in an effort to reduce the frequency of five through eight. Typically, the first and last has suffused purple throughout the stems as heterozygous loci in the F4 to F7, where domi- secondary branches are short, with only four to well as the cotyledons, hypocytol, sepals, and nant genes were selected (Table 1, Fig. 1). F3- six nodes, but the predominant secondary veins. derived single progenies were carried forward branches have 10 to 15 nodes and ≤20 cm SP 17B.