Durham E-Theses The impact of the liturgical and charismatic movements on hymns and songs in contemporary worship, with special reference to the parish church of St Nicholas, Durham. Williams, Rebecca Natalie Clare How to cite: Williams, Rebecca Natalie Clare (2005) The impact of the liturgical and charismatic movements on hymns and songs in contemporary worship, with special reference to the parish church of St Nicholas, Durham., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2614/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 THE IMPACT OF THE LITURGICAL AND CHARISMATIC MOVEMENTS ON HYMNS AND SONGS IN CONTEMPORARY WORSIIDP, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PARISH CHURCH OF ST NICHOLAS, DURHAM. A copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. REBECCA NATALIE CLARE WILLIAMS MA UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC 2005 2 11 JAN 2006 Rebecca Williams The impact of the Liturgical and Charismatic Movements on hymns and songs in contemporary worship, with special reference to the parish church of St Nicholas, Durham. ABSTRACT Music is a subject which has always been the cause of much debate within the church. The last century in particular has seen a considerable amount of change, in both the musical styles that have emerged and the place that congregational song has been given in worship. There have been a number of reasons for such changes, many of which relate to the liturgical reforms ofthe twentieth century. In this thesis I investigate both the musical changes and the liturgical reforms which have led to them. I do this by considering these developments within the context of the Church of England, and by examining the effects that they have had upon one specific church, namely St Nicholas', Durham. The thesis begins with an introduction to the three components of my research, namely the liturgical reforms of the last century, the musical changes which have, to a great extent, occurred as a direct result of such reforms, and the specific case of St Nicholas', Durham. In each of the three following chapters I begin by examining the developments and issues to be discussed in the context of the Church of England. I then consider these developments and issues in relation to St Nicholas'. In Chapter I I discuss the liturgical reforms ofthe last century, focussing particularly on the characteristics of the Liturgical Movement and the changes made in terms of Anglican liturgy. I also examine the Charismatic Movement. In Chapter 2 I examine the effects that the Liturgical and Charismatic Movements have had upon music in the church. In Chapter 3 I consider the role congregational song plays in worship and its implications. I conclude by summarising the main issues, showing how the more general issues facing the church have had significant consequences for music in the church. CONTENTS Abstract 1 Title page 2 Conknb 3 Declaration and Statement of Copyright 6 Note on referencing 6 Acknowledgements 7 Preface 8 Introduction 12 An Introduction to Liturgy in the Church of England 12 An Introduction to Congregational Hymnody in the Church of England 17 An Introduction to St Nicholas' Church, Durham 26 Chapter 1 30 Part I 30 The Liturgical and Charismatic Movements and their influence upon the Church of England The Liturgical Movement and its influence upon the Church of England 31 The origins of the Liturgical Movement 32 The issue of language in Anglican liturgy 35 The restoration ofthe Eucharist in Anglican worship 43 The Charismatic Movement 49 The origins and development of the Charismatic Movement 50 The effects of the Charismatic Movement upon Christian worship 57 Summary 59 3 60 The influence ofthe Liturgical and Charismatic Movements upon St Nicholas', Durham Introduction 60 The influence ofthe Liturgical and Charismatic Movements upon 65 St Nicholas' from 1975 The influence of the emphasis on congregational participation 66 The influence ofthe Charismatic Movement's emphasis on 'every member 71 ministry' The restoration ofthe Eucharist 74 The influence of the emphasis on an awareness of other Christian traditions 75 The influence ofthe social aspect of the Liturgical Movement 78 Summary 82 Chapter 2 83 Partl 83 The effects of the Liturgical and Charismatic Movements upon congregational song in the Church of England The influence ofthe emphasis on congregational participation 84 The influence ofthe emphasis on the vernacular 88 The introduction of contemporary language 88 The Hymn Explosion 90 The introduction of popular and folk music styles 92 The fusion of contemporary language and popular and folk music styles 95 The influence of informal worship and 'every member ministry' 98 The Charismatic Movement 98 The Vineyard Movement I 03 Alternative Worship 104 The influence of proclamation and social involvement I 05 The influence of ecumenism I 09 The development ofthe music group 112 Summary 114 Part 2 116 The effects of the Liturgical and Charismatic Movements upon congregational song at St Nicholas', Durham Congregational song at St Nicholas' 117 The introduction of the music group 121 An analysis of congregational song at St Nicholas', October 2002- 125 September 2003 Summary 128 4 Chapter 3 129 Part I 129 The role of congregational song and its implications The role of congregational song 13 I The implications of the functions of congregational song 142 Part2 161 The views of the clergy, musicians and members of the congregation at St Nicholas', Durham regarding the role of congregational song in worship and its implications Part 2a 167 Part 2b 179 Conclusion 194 Conclusion 195 Appendix 201 Table I 202 Key to codes 214 Table 2 215 Table 3 221 Table 4 223 Table 5 226 Bibliography 227 5 Declaration and Statement of Copyright No part of the material included in this thesis has previously been submitted by the candidate for a degree in this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without their prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Note on referencing Throughout the thesis footnotes are used according to Durham University Library's guide, Writing your Thesis, namely 'to amplify a point that is not central to the main argument of the text but that is not long enough to form an appendix', 'to provide cross-references to other parts of the thesis', 'to acknowledge direct quotations or sources of information', and 'to cite the authority for statements you have made, allowing the reader to check the evidence on which the argument is based' .1 1 Writing your Thesis, http://www.dur.ac.uk!librarv/use/guides/advthes.pdf. 6 Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to thank all those without whom this thesis would not exist. In particular I would like to thank Dale Hanson for allowing me to scrutinise music at St Nic's, and of course all those past and present clergy, musicians and members of the congregation who have supplied me with vast amounts of information and 'bestowed their ignorances and prejudices upon me in large measure'. I am also extremely grateful to the following people who have made their contribution by showing interest, hurling insults at me, or keeping me going, particularly Andy Baldock, Alex Dunlop (who granted me permission to cite her by name providing that I say nice things about her), Helen and Tony Harries, Anne Harrison, Philip May and Karen McMullen, as well as Chris Wagstaffe and David 'I like singing!' Day, who at one point appeared to be competing with each other to be the last person to hand in a completed questionnaire. Finally, my thanks also go to my parents, and to my supervisor, Dr Bennett Zon, for believing that I would get there in the end. 7 PREFACE Music is a subject which has always been the cause of much debate within the church. The last century in particular has seen a considerable amount of change, not only in the musical styles that have emerged but also in the place that congregational song has been given in worship. There have been a number of reasons for such changes, many of which relate to the liturgical reforms of the last hundred years. In this thesis I investigate both the musical changes and the liturgical reforms which have led to them. I do this by considering these developments within the context of the Church of England, and by examining the effects that they have had upon one specific church, namely St Nicholas', Durham. For the purposes of this thesis it has been necessary to adopt a number of research methodologies. The discussion of the situation in the Church of England has involved studying a selection of literature dealing with the wide range of liturgical and musical developments of the last century, including publications intended for use within the Church of England and works by those commenting upon it.