EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.0 4.1.1. Reagents 01/2011:40000 : about 0.824. : about 1.382. 4. REAGENTS bp: about 103 °C. Acetaldehyde. C H O. (M 44.1). 1000200. [75-07-0]. Ethanal. Additional information for reagents that can only be fully 2 4 r identified by a trademark or whose availability is limited may Clear, colourless flammable liquid, miscible with water and with be found in the KNOWLEDGE database on the EDQM website. ethanol (96 per cent). This information is given only to make it easier to obtain : about 0.788. such reagents and this does not suggest in any way that the : about 1.332. mentioned suppliers are especially recommended or certified bp: about 21 °C. by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission or the Council of Europe. It is therefore acceptable to use reagents from Acetaldehyde ammonia trimer trihydrate. C6H15N3,3H2O. another source provided that they comply with the standards (Mr 183.3). 1133500. [58052-80-5]. 2,4,6-Trimethylhexahydro-1, of the Pharmacopoeia. 3,5-triazine trihydrate. mp:95°Cto97°C. 01/2011:40100 Acetic acid, anhydrous. C2H4O2.(Mr 60.1). 1000300. [64-19-7]. Content: minimum 99.6 per cent m/m of C2H4O2. 4.1. REAGENTS, STANDARD Colourless liquid or white or almost white, shining, fern-like SOLUTIONS, BUFFER SOLUTIONS crystals, miscible with or very soluble in water, in ethanol (96 per cent), in glycerol (85 per cent), and in most fatty and Where the name of substance or a solution is followed by the essential oils. letter R (the whole in italics), this indicates a reagent included : 1.052 to 1.053. in the following list. The specifications given for reagents do not necessarily guarantee their quality for use in medicines. bp: 117 °C to 119 °C. Within the description of each reagent there is a seven-figure A100g/Lsolutionisstronglyacid(2.2.4). reference code in italics (for example, 1002501). This number, A 5 g/L solution neutralised with dilute ammonia R2 gives which will remain unchanged for a given reagent during reaction (b) of acetates (2.3.1). subsequent revisions of the list, is used for identification Freezing point (2.2.18): minimum15.8°C. purposes by the Secretariat, and users of the Pharmacopoeia Water (2.5.12): maximum 0.4 per cent. If the water content may also find it useful, for example in the management of ismorethan0.4percentitmaybeadjustedbyaddingthe reagent stocks. The description may also include a CAS number calculated amount of acetic anhydride R. (Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number) recognisable by its typical format, for example 9002-93-1. Storage: protected from light. Some of the reagents included in the list are toxic and are to Acetic acid, glacial. C2H4O2.(Mr 60.1). 1000400. [64-19-7]. be handled in conformity with good quality control laboratory See Acetic acid, glacial (0590). practice. Reagents in aqueous solution are prepared using water R. Acetic acid. 1000401. Where a reagent solution is described using an expression such Content: 290 g/L to 310 g/L of C2H4O2 (Mr 60.1). as “hydrochloric acid (10 g/L HCl)”, the solution is prepared by Dilute 30 g of glacial acetic acid R to 100 mL with water R. an appropriate dilution with water R of a more concentrated reagent solution specified in this chapter. Reagent solutions Acetic acid, dilute. 1000402. used in the limit tests for barium, calcium and sulfates are Content: 115 g/L to 125 g/L of C2H4O2 (Mr 60.1). prepared using distilled water R. Where the name of the solvent Dilute 12 g of glacial acetic acid R to 100 mL with water R. is not stated, an aqueous solution is intended. The reagents and reagent solutions are to be stored in Acetic anhydride. C4H6O3.(Mr 102.1). 1000500. [108-24-7]. well-closed containers. The labelling should comply with the Content: minimum 97.0 per cent m/m of C4H6O3. relevant national legislation and international agreements. Clear, colourless liquid. bp: 136 °C to 142 °C. 01/2011:40101 Assay. Dissolve 2.00 g in 50.0 mL of 1 M sodium hydroxide in a ground-glass-stoppered flask and boil under a reflux condenser for 1 h. Titrate with 1 M hydrochloric acid,using 4.1.1. REAGENTS 0.5 mL of phenolphthalein solution R as indicator. Calculate Acacia. 1000100. the number of millilitres of 1 M sodium hydroxide required for 1 g (n ). Dissolve 2.00 g in 20 mL of cyclohexane R in a See Acacia (0307). 1 ground-glass-stoppered flask, cool in ice and add a cold mixture Acacia solution. 1000101. of 10 mL of aniline R and 20 mL of cyclohexane R.Boilthe Dissolve 100 g of acacia R in 1000 mL of water R.Stirwith mixture under a reflux condenser for 1 h, add 50.0 mL of 1M a mechanical stirrer for 2 h. Centrifuge at about 2000 g for sodium hydroxide and shake vigorously. Titrate with 1M 30mintoobtainaclearsolution. hydrochloric acid,using0.5mLofphenolphthalein solution R as indicator. Calculate the number of millilitres of 1Msodium Storage: in polyethylene containers of about 250 mL hydroxide required for 1 g (n ). Calculate the percentage of capacity at a temperature of 0 °C to − 20 °C. 2 C4H6O3 from the following expression: Acebutolol hydrochloride. 1148900. [34381-68-5]. See Acebutolol hydrochloride (0871). Acetic anhydride solution R1. 1000501. Acetal. C6H14O2.(Mr 118.2). 1112300. [105-57-7]. Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal. 1,1-Diethoxyethane. Dissolve 25.0 mL of acetic anhydride R in anhydrous Clear, colourless, volatile liquid, miscible with water and with pyridine R and dilute to 100.0 mL with the same solvent. ethanol (96 per cent). Storage: protected from light and air. General Notices (1) apply to all monographs and other texts 379 4.1.1. Reagents EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.0 Acetic anhydride - sulfuric acid solution. 1000502. Acetyl chloride. C2H3ClO. (Mr 78.5). 1000800. [75-36-5]. Carefully mix 5 mL of acetic anhydride R with 5 mL of Clear, colourless liquid, flammable, decomposes in contact with sulfuric acid R. Add dropwise and with cooling to 50 mL of water and with ethanol (96 per cent), miscible with ethylene anhydrous ethanol R. chloride. Prepare immediately before use. :about1.10. Acetone. 1000600. [67-64-1]. Distillation range (2.2.11). Not less than 95 per cent distils between 49 °C and 53 °C. See Acetone (0872). Acetylcholine chloride. C7H16ClNO2.(Mr 181.7). 1001000. Acetonitrile. C2H3N. (Mr 41.05). 1000700. [75-05-8]. Methyl [60-31-1]. cyanide. Ethanenitrile. Crystalline powder, very soluble in cold water and in ethanol Clear, colourless liquid, miscible with water, with acetone and (96 per cent). It decomposes in hot water and in alkalis. with methanol. Storage:at− 20 °C. : about 0.78. : about 1.344. Acetyleugenol. C12H14O3.(Mr 206.2). 1100700. [93-28-7]. A 100 g/L solution is neutral to litmus paper. 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenylacetate. Distillation range (2.2.11). Not less than 95 per cent distils Yellow coloured, oily liquid, practically insoluble in water, freely between 80 °C and 82 °C. soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). Acetonitrile used in spectrophotometry complies with the : about 1.521. following additional test. bp: 281 °C to 282 °C. Minimum transmittance (2.2.25)usingwater R as Acetyleugenol used in gas chromatography complies with the compensation liquid: 98 per cent from 255 nm to 420 nm. following additional test. Acetonitrile for chromatography. 1000701. Assay. Gas chromatography (2.2.28)asprescribedinthe monograph Clove oil (1091). See Acetonitrile R. Test solution.Thesubstancetobeexamined. Acetonitrile used in chromatography complies with the following additional tests. Content: minimum 98.0 per cent, calculated by the normalisation procedure. Minimum transmittance (2.2.25)usingwater R as compensation liquid: 98 per cent from 240 nm. N-Acetylglucosamine. C8H15NO6.(Mr 221.2). 1133600. Minimum purity (2.2.28): 99.8 per cent. [7512-17-6]. 2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose. mp: about 202 °C. Acetonitrile R1. 1000702. β Complies with the requirements prescribed for acetonitrile R Acetyl-11-keto- -boswellic acid. C32H48O5.(Mr 512.7). 1167700. and with the following additional requirements. [67416-61-9]. 3α-(Acetyloxy)-11-oxours-12-en-24-oic acid. β α Content: minimum 99.9 per cent. (4 )-3 -(Acetyloxy)-11-oxours-12-en-23-oic acid. Absorbance (2.2.25): maximum 0.10, determined at 200 nm White or almost white powder, insoluble in water, soluble in using water R as the compensation liquid. acetone, in anhydrous ethanol and in methanol. mp: 271 °C to 274 °C. Acetoxyvalerenic acid. C H O .(M 292.4). 1165800. [81397- 17 24 4 r Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellicacidusedinliquidchromatography 67-3]. (2E)-3-[(1RS,4S,7R,7aR)-1-(Acetyloxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5, complies with the following additional test. 6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-2-methylprop-2-enoic acid. Assay.Liquidchromatography(2.2.29)asprescribedinthe Colourless or pale yellow viscous oil. monograph on Indian frankincense (2310). Absorbance (2.2.25). A solution in methanol R shows an absorption maximum at about 216 nm. Content: minimum 90 per cent, calculated by the normalisation procedure. Acetylacetamide. C4H7NO2.(Mr 101.1). 1102600. [5977-14-0]. 3-Oxobutanamide. N-Acetylneuraminic acid. C11H19NO9.(Mr 309.3). 1001100. [131-48-6]. O-Sialic acid. mp:53°Cto56°C. White or almost white acicular crystals, soluble in water and in methanol, slightly soluble in anhydrous ethanol, practically Acetylacetone. C5H8O2.(Mr 100.1). 1000900. [123-54-6]. 2,4-Pentanedione. insoluble in acetone. Colourless or slightly yellow, easily flammable liquid, freely :about− 36, determined on a 10 g/L solution. soluble in water, miscible with acetone, with ethanol (96 per mp: about 186 °C, with decomposition.