OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS ~ BJS N/J OJJ[F OVC SMART The author(s) shown below used Federal funding provided by the U.S. Department of Justice to prepare the following resource: Document Title: Mentoring Best Practices Research: Effectiveness of Juvenile Mentoring Programs on Recidivism Author(s): Stephanie A. Duriez, M.S., Carrie Sullivan, M.A., Christopher J. Sullivan, Ph.D., Sarah M. Manchak, Ph.D., Edward J. Latessa, Ph.D. Document Number: 251378 Date Received: November 2017 Award Number: 2013-JU-FX-0004 This resource has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. This resource is being made publically available through the Office of Justice Programs’ National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Final Report Mentoring Best Practices Research: Effectiveness of Juvenile Mentoring Programs on Recidivism Stephanie A. Duriez, M.S. Research Assistant [email protected] Carrie Sullivan, M.A. Project Director [email protected] Christopher J. Sullivan, Ph.D. Consultant [email protected] Sarah M. Manchak, Ph.D. Consultant [email protected] Edward J. Latessa, Ph.D. Principal Investigator [email protected] November 2017 Center for Criminal Justice Research University of Cincinnati School of Criminal Justice PO Box 210389 Cincinnati, OH 45221 This project was supported by Grant No. 2013-JU-FX-0004 awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Research Problem and Study Overview .......................................................................................... 9 Background and Literature Review ............................................................................................... 12 Prior Research on Youth Mentoring .......................................................................................... 12 Limitations in the Research on Youth Mentoring Programs ..................................................... 15 The Principles of Effective Intervention and Mentoring ........................................................... 17 Current Study ................................................................................................................................ 18 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Site Selection and Descriptions ............................................................................................. 19 Parole Site Descriptions ......................................................................................................... 20 Probation Site Descriptions .................................................................................................... 25 Institutional Review Board Approval and Enrollment into the Study ................................... 32 Outcome Evaluation Component ........................................................................................... 34 Youth Survey Component ...................................................................................................... 37 Process Evaluation Component ............................................................................................. 40 Data and Measures ..................................................................................................................... 41 Outcome Measures ................................................................................................................. 42 Mentoring Measures .............................................................................................................. 42 Risk Assessment Measures .................................................................................................... 43 Survey Measures .................................................................................................................... 46 Process Evaluation Measures ................................................................................................. 47 Demographic Characteristics ................................................................................................. 49 Control Variable - Time at Risk for New Offense ................................................................. 50 Analytic Plan ............................................................................................................................. 52 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 56 Parole Sample ............................................................................................................................ 56 Parole Sample Descriptives ................................................................................................... 56 Probation Sample ....................................................................................................................... 58 Lucas County Sample Description and Comparison of Groups ............................................ 58 1 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Hamilton County Sample Description and Comparison of Groups ....................................... 60 Major Outcome Results ............................................................................................................. 62 Research Question 1: Are the mentoring services studied here effective in reducing delinquent and criminal reoffending? .................................................................................... 63 Research Question 2: Does the impact of these mentoring services differ based on youth characteristics (e.g., risk level)? ............................................................................................. 67 Research Question 3: Does the quality of the match between mentor and mentee impact youth outcomes? .................................................................................................................... 69 Research Question 4: Does the quality of the mentoring program lead to differing outcomes? ................................................................................................................................................ 72 Summary and Discussion .............................................................................................................. 79 Research Question 1: Are the mentoring services studied here effective in reducing delinquent and criminal reoffending? .......................................................................................................... 80 Research Question 2: Does the impact of these mentoring services differ based on youth characteristics (e.g., risk level)? ................................................................................................ 82 Research Question 3: Does the quality of the match between mentor and mentee impact youth outcomes? .................................................................................................................................. 83 Research Question 4: Does the quality of the mentoring program lead to differing outcomes? ................................................................................................................................................... 84 Study Limitations ...................................................................................................................... 85 Sample Sizes .......................................................................................................................... 86 Data Concerns ........................................................................................................................ 86 Survey Response Bias ............................................................................................................ 88 CPC-M ................................................................................................................................... 88 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 89 References ..................................................................................................................................... 91 Appendices ...................................................................................................................................