est. spine=1.78" Wrox Programmer to ProgrammerTM Wrox Programmer to ProgrammerTM Developing Web Applications Galbraith with Apache, MySQL ®, memcached, and Perl Adding a cache layer to the popular LAMP stack is becoming What you will learn from this book the common solution to significantly reduce the load on back- ● How to install, configure, and work with MySQL particularly with Apache, MySQL Applications Web Developing end databases, and also allows for better web application basic concepts involving data, joins, and indexes as well as memcached, and Perl performance. This new caching component is represented by advanced usage of triggers, stored procedures, user-defined another “m” in LAMMP, which stands for memcached—a high- functions, storage engine usage, and more! performance, distributed memory object caching system that ● provides caching for web applications. The author walks you A Perl refresher on basic concepts as well as how to work through the process of using Perl to develop web applications with data from MySQL using various Perl data types both in terms of the front-end display logic as well as the ● A chapter on object-oriented Perl back-end data retrieval from MySQL and memcached. You ● How to the use Sphinx storage engine for full-text searching also see how to configure the Apache web server to run these as well as Gearman to distribute tasks mod_perl applications. ● How to install and configure Apache 2.2 to work with You’ll discover that MySQL and memcached are where the mod_perl 2.0 data is stored, and Apache is the server that hosts this ● How to use mod_perl handlers to develop web applications, functionality. You’ll also examine each system while you learn including working with Ajax how to install, set up, and administer it. ● A sample search engine application that puts together the The book shows you how to put each of these systems various technologies discussed in the book together so you can start building successful applications. Helpful examples put in practice the information covered Who this book is for throughout the book and a problem-solving chapter offers This book is for developers who want to write applications using real-world problems and the process of how you might go MySQL, memcached, Apache, and Perl, and are interested in about finding a solution to them. improving the development process and efficiency. Developing Wrox Professional guides are planned and written by working programmers to meet the real-world needs of programmers, developers, and IT professionals. Focused and relevant, they address the issues technology professionals face every day. They provide examples, practical solutions, and expert education in new technologies, all designed to help programmers do a better job. Web Applications ® , with Apache, MySQL®, memcached, and Perl www.wrox.com Recommended Database Management ISBN: 978-0-470-41464-4 Computer Book Categories Web Applications Patrick Galbraith $49.99 USA $59.99 CANADA Updates, source code, and Wrox technical support at www.wrox.com Galbraith cag.tex V2 - 06/02/2009 11:44am Page ii Galbraith cag.tex V2 - 06/02/2009 4:43pm Page i Developing Web Applications with Perl, memcached, MySQL® and Apache Foreword ................................................................ xxv Introduction . xxvii Chapter 1: LAMMP, Now with an Extra M . 1 Chapter 2: MySQL. 15 Chapter 3: Advanced MySQL . 85 Chapter 4: Perl Primer. 163 Chapter 5: Object-Oriented Perl. 211 Chapter 6: MySQL and Perl . 245 Chapter 7: Simple Database Application . 285 Chapter 8: memcached . 313 Chapter 9: libmemcached . 359 Chapter 10: Memcached Functions for MySQL . 383 Chapter 11: Apache .. 417 Chapter 12: Contact List Application . 503 Chapter 13: mod_perl . 565 Chapter 14: Using mod_perl Handlers . 601 Chapter 15: More mod_perl . 633 Chapter 16: Perl and Ajax . 707 Chapter 17: Search Engine Application . 739 Appendix A: Installing MySQL . 793 Appendix B: Configuring MySQL . 811 Index....................................................................831 Galbraith cag.tex V2 - 06/02/2009 11:44am Page ii Galbraith ffirs.tex V3 - 06/03/2009 4:22pm Page iii Developing Web Applications with Perl, memcached, MySQL® and Apache Patrick Galbraith Wiley Publishing, Inc. Galbraith ffirs.tex V3 - 06/03/2009 4:22pm Page iv ® Developing Web Applications with Perl, memcached, MySQL and Apache Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-41464-4 Manufactured in the United States of America 10987654321 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. 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Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927343 Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Wrox Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. MySQL is a registered trademark of MySQL AB. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Galbraith ffirs.tex V3 - 06/03/2009 4:22pm Page v To my wonderful wife, Ruth, whom I have known for 27 years and who has stood by me while writing this book, even when I couldn’t give her the time she deserved. Also, to my dear friend Krishna, who gave me inspiration every day. Galbraith fcre.tex V3 - 06/02/2009 11:44am Page vi Credits Acquisitions Editor Vice President and Executive Group Jenny Watson Publisher Richard Swadley Project Editor Maureen Spears Vice President and Executive Publisher Barry Pruett Technical Editor John Bokma Associate Publisher Jim Minatel Production Editor Rebecca Coleman Project Coordinator, Cover Lynsey Stanford Copy Editor Sara E. Wilson Proofreader Corina Copp, Word One Editorial Manager Mary Beth Wakefield Indexer Robert Swanson Production Manager Tim Tate Galbraith fauth.tex V3 - 06/02/2009 11:46am Page vii About the Author Patrick Galbraith lives up in the sticks of southwestern New Hampshire near Mt. Monadnock with his wife, Ruth. Since 1993, he has been using and developing open source software. He has worked on various open source projects, including MySQL, Federated storage engine, Memcached Functions for MySQL, Drizzle, and Slashcode, and is the maintainer of DBD::mysql. He has worked at a number of companies throughout his career, including MySQL AB, Classmates.com, OSDN/Slashdot. He currently works for Lycos. He is also part owner of a wireless broadband company, Radius North, which provides Internet service to underserved rural areas of New Hampshire. His web site, which comes by way of a 5.8GHz Alvarion access unit up in a pine tree, is http://patg.net. About the Technical Editor John Bokma is a self-employed Perl programmer and consultant from the Netherlands. He has been working professionally in software development since 1994, moving his primary focus more and more toward the Perl programming language. John and his wife, Esmeralda, currently live in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, with their daughter Alice. John’s other two children, Jim and Laurinda, live with their mother in New Zealand. For more information or to contact John, visit his web site at http://johnbokma.com/. Galbraith fauth.tex V3 - 06/02/2009 11:46am Page viii Galbraith fack.tex V3 - 06/02/2009 11:46am Page ix Acknowledgments One weekend in 1993, I had the chance to go on a getaway to San Diego. Instead, I opted to stay home and download, onto 26 floppies, Slackware Linux, which I promptly installed onto my Packard Bell 386.