Android Overview Marko Gargenta marakana.com © 2011 About Marko Gargenta Developer of Android Bootcamp for Marakana. Instructor for 1,000s of developers on Android at Qualcomm, Cisco, Motorola, DoD and other great orgs. Author of Learning Android published by O’Reilly. Speaker at OSCON (3x), ACM, IEEE, SDC, AnDevCon. Co-Founder of SFAndroid.org Co-Chair of Android Open conference: AndroidOpen.com © 2011 Agenda • Android Then & Now • Hello World! • Android versions • Main Building Blocks • Android @Work • Architec@ng an App • The Stack • Android UI • Operang System Features • Android Security • Building Custom ROM • Summary © 2011 ANDROID THEN & NOW © 2011 History 2005 Google buys Android, Inc. Work on Dalvik starts 2007 Open Handset Alliance announced Early SoQware Development Kit 2008 HTC G1 Announced SDK 1.0 Released 2009 G2 + 20 other phones released Cupcake, Donut, Éclair 2010 Zillion devices FroYo, Gingerbread, JIT 2011 Games, Tablets, TVs Future? Beyond phones © 2011 Today 45% 40% 35% 30% Android 25% Blackberry Apple iOS 20% Windows Palm 15% Symbian 10% 5% 0% Qtr2 2009 Qtr3 2009 Qtr4 2009 Qtr1 2010 Qtr2 2010 Android grows to 36% of US (Big 4) Smartphone Share, surpassing RIM – and growth will continue to accelerate over time © 2011 And @Workplace © 2011 Plaorm Versions Version API Level Nickname Android 1.0 1 Android Android 1.1 2 Android Android 1.5 3 Cupcake Android 1.6 4 Donut Android 2.0 5 Éclair Android 2.01 6 Éclair Android 2.1 7 Éclair Android 2.2 8 FroYo Android 2.3 9 Gingerbread Android 2.3.3 10 Gingerbread Android 3.0 11 Honeycomb Android X.X XX Ice cream © 2011 Version Distribu@on Source: Android.com © 2011 Historical Distribu@on Source: Android.com © 2011 Add-Ons SenseUI TouchWiz MotoBlur © 2011 HTC Sense Much improved UI. Completely new apps and widgets. Overall different feel: Tasks before Apps. A smart way of innovating on top of Android Open Source project. © 2011 Motorola Motoblur New skin, new apps new widgets. All backed with an online service. Very social-centric. © 2011 Samsung TouchWiz More intuitive home screen, but real crown jewel is Swype. © 2011 “With Google” Devices that have “with Google” add-on feature a set of Google’s proprietary applications, such as Maps, Gmail, Gtalk, and many others. OEMs and carriers typically enter into a licensing agreement with Google in order to distribute Google version of Android. © 2011 Android Fragmentaon? Android Compatibility Test Suite: Defines “Android Compatible” Prevents incompatible releases Provides self testing Fragmentations lines include: - Versions of Android - Add-ons by OEMs/Carriers - Device capabilities Best practices in app development eliminate these issues. CTS ensures compliance. © 2011 Hardware Requirements • Must have a screen of any size. • Must have a soQ keyboard. Hardware keyword is op@onal. • Must support touch screen input • Should have the following sensors: Accelerometer, Magnetometer, GPS, Gyroscope. • Should include WiFi, Bluetooth. Telephony op@onal. © 2011 Hardware Requirements (cont’d) • Should include Near Field Communicaon. • Must have some network capability. • Should have rear-facing camera. Front camera is op@onal. • Memory must be: 125MB+ (system), 150MB+ (user data), 1GB+ (storage) • Must implement USB port. © 2011 FroYo: Speed with JIT • New User Features – Updated Home, Camera, Gallery, Portable hotspot – Support for Exchange (security, remote wipe, calendars, auto-discovery, global addresses) • New Plaorm Technologies – Media (hqp/progressive streaming) and Bluetooth • New Developer Services and APIs – Cloud to Device Messaging – Apps on SDCard, media framework, graphics, backup, device manager, UI frameworks © 2011 Gingerbread: Gaming New User Features • Updated user interface • Power management, app control • Download manager for long downloads • Storage manager for private content on sdcard • Improved power management and app control • Mul@ple camera support • Copy-paste features • Redesigned keyboard © 2011 Gingerbread: Gaming New Developer Features • Performance improvements for gaming • Improved sensor support • Nave ac@vity support • Near-Field Communicaon (NFC) • WebM/VP8 playback and AAC encoding • SIP VoIP support • Support for extra-large screen (WXGA++) • Ext4 instead of yaffs file system © 2011 HONEYCOMB © 2011 Honeycomb: Tablets • Honeycomb is Tablet-op@mized Android • As-is will not be supported on mobile phones • Currently two separate paths for Android • Source code likely won’t be available • Will merge in ice cream © 2011 Honeycomb: Designed for Tables Op@mized for devices with larger screen sizes, par@cularly tablets • Brand new, truly virtual and “holographic” 3d- like UI design • Elegant, content-focused interac@on model • Support for mul@-core devices • Hardware acceleraon © 2011 Honeycomb: Android Wins Focus on Android strengths people love • Refined mul@tasking • Rich no@ficaons • Home screen customizaon • Widgets • Video chat via Google Talk © 2011 Honeycomb: New UI New UI paradigms for interac@on, navigaon, and customizaon • Extended set of UI objects • Powerful graphics • Media capabili@es © 2011 New UI Objects & Paradigms • System Bar, for global status and no@ficaons • Ac@on Bar, for applicaon control • Customizable Home screens • Recent Apps, for easy visual mul@tasking © 2011 Redesigned keyboard • Entering text faster and more accurate on larger screen • Reshaped and reposi@oned keys for improved targe@ng • New keys such as Tab • Touch-hold menus • Voice/keyboard input mode switching • Improved text selec@on, copy and paste © 2011 New connec@vity op@ons • Built-in Media/Photo Transfer Protocol for fast USB connec@on to cameras and computers • Support for external keyboard via USB or Bluetooth • Faster Wifi scanning • Bluetooth tethering so other devices can share network © 2011 Updated set of standard apps • Browser – Mul@ple tabs – Incognito mode – Mul@touch support • Camera and Gallery – Redesigned for large screen – Time-lapse video recording – Full-screen Gallery © 2011 Updated set of standard apps • Contacts – Two-pane UI and Fast Scroll to easily organize and locate contacts – Card-like UI for easier reading and edi@ng of contacts – Improved support for internaonal number formats • Email – New two-pane UI for more efficient emailing – Sync aachments for later viewing © 2011 ANDROID @WORK – A GOOGLE PERSPECTIVE © 2011 CIO’s Consideraons • Security • Device Management • Apps © 2011 Security • Protect against loss or theQ • Protect against intercep@on • Employees are the weak link • Enforcement & crypto are key © 2011 Device Management • Onboard the users • Set up security and usage policies • Supporng users • Keep tabs on deployed devices © 2011 App Deployment & Management • Determine key mobile apps • Buy or Build • Distribute apps to devices • Manage updates • Set app usage policies © 2011 Google’s Approach • Android’s Approach • Users come first • Enterprise money is real • Unlock dual use devices for our users • Keep it open and let the ecosystem run © 2011 More Enterprise Support © 2011 ANDROID STACK © 2011 The Stack Applications Home Contacts Phone Browser Other Application Framework Activity Window Content View Manager Manager Providers System Package Telephony Resource Location Notiication Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager Libraries Surface Media SQLite Android Runtime Manager Framework Core Libs OpenGL FreeType WebKit Dalvik VM SGL SSL libc Display Camera Linux Kernel Flash Binder Driver Driver Driver Driver Keypad WiFi Audio Power Driver Driver Driver Mgmt © 2011 Linux Kernel Android™ Stack Android runs on Linux. Applications Home Contacts Phone Browser Other Linux provides: Hardware abstraction layer Memory management Application Framework Activity Window Content View Process management Manager Manager Providers System Networking Package Telephony Resource Location Notiication Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager Users never see Linux sub system Libraries Surface Media SQLite Android Runtime Manager Framework The adb shell command opens Core Libs Linux shell OpenGL FreeType WebKit Dalvik VM SGL SSL libc Display Camera Linux Kernel Flash Binder Driver Driver Driver Driver Keypad WiFi Audio Power Driver Driver Driver Mgmt © 2011 Nave Libraries Pieces borrowed from other Applications open source projects: Home Contacts Phone Browser Other Bionic, a super fast and small Application Framework license-friendly libc library optimized Activity Window Content View for Android Manager Manager Providers System Package Telephony Resource Location Notiication Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager WebKit library for fast HTML rendering Libraries Surface Media SQLite Android Runtime Manager Framework OpenGL for graphics Core Libs OpenGL FreeType WebKit Dalvik VM Media codecs offer support for SGL SSL libc major audio/video codecs Display Camera Linux Kernel Flash Binder Driver Driver SQLite database Driver Driver Keypad WiFi Audio Power Driver Driver Driver Mgmt Much more… © 2011 Dalvik Dalvik VM is Android implementation of Java VM Dalvik is optimized for mobile devices: • Battery consumption • CPU capabilities Key Dalvik differences: • Register-based versus stack-based VM • Dalvik runs .dex files • More efficient and compact implementation • Different set of Java libraries than JDK © 2011 Applicaon Framework Applications The rich set of system services wrapped in an intuitive Java API. Home Contacts Phone Browser Other This ecosystem that developers Application Framework can easily tap into is what makes Activity Window Content View writing apps for Android easy. Manager