Religion and Nationality in Western Ukraine The Greek Catholic Church and the Ruthenian National Movement in Galicia, 1867-1900 The Greek Catholic Church has been described as a hybrid of eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism that combines the heritage of Byzantine Christianity with submission to the Roman Papacy. The eastern and western elements of the church have often collided, but perhaps never so dramatically as in the province of Galicia in the late nineteenth century. Using Soviet archival materials declassified in the 1980s, John-Paul Himka examines a period during which the Greek Catholic Church in Galicia was involved in a protracted, and at times bitter, struggle to maintain its distinctive, historically developed rites and customs. He focuses on the way differing concepts of Rutherian nationality affected the perception and course of church affairs while showing the influence of local ecclesiastical matters on the development and acceptance of these divergent concepts of nationality. The implications and complications of the Galician imbroglio are engagingly explained in this latest addition to Himka's work on na- tionality in late nineteenth-century Galicia. His analysis of the rela- tionship between the church and the national movement is a valuable addition to the study of religion and national movements in East Eu- rope and beyond. JOHN-PAUL HIMKA is professor of history and classics, University of Alberta. MCGILL-QUEEN'S STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF RELIGION Volumes in the McGill-Queen's Studies in the History of Religion have been supported by the Jackman Foundation of Toronto. SERIES ONE G.A. Rawlyk, Editor 1 Small Differences Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, 1815-1922 An International Perspective Donald Harman Akenson 2 Two Worlds The Protestant Culture of Nineteenth-Century Ontario William Westfall 3 An Evangelical Mind Nathanael Burwash and the Methodist Tradition in Canada, 1839-1918 Marguerite Van Die 4 The Devotes Women and Church in Seventeenth-Century France Elizabeth Rapley 5 The Evangelical Century College and Creed in English Canada from the Great Revival to the Great Depression Michael Gauvreau 6 The German Peasants' War and Anabaptist Community of Goods James M. Stayer 7 A World Mission Canadian Protestantism and the Quest for a New International Order, 1918-1939 Robert Wright 8 Serving the Present Age Revivalism, Progressivism, and the Methodist Tradition in Canada Phyllis D. Airhart 9 A Sensitive Independence Canadian Methodist Women Missionaries in Canada and the Orient, 1881-1925 Rosemary R. Gagan 10 God's Peoples Covenant and Land in South Africa, Israel, and Ulster Donald Harman Akenson 11 Creed and Culture The Place of English-Speaking Catholics in Canadian Society, 1750-1930 Terrence Murphy and Gerald Stortz, editors 12 Piety and Nationalism Lay Voluntary Associations and the Creation of an Irish-Catholic Community in Toronto, 1850-1895 Brian P. Clarke 13 Amazing Grace Studies in Evangelicalism in Australia, Britain, Canada, and the United States George Rawlyk and Mark A. Noll, editors 14 Children of Peace W. John Mclntyre 15 A Solitary Pillar Montreal's Anglican Church and the Quiet Revolution Joan Marshall 16 Padres in No Man's Land Canadian Chaplains and the Great War Duff Crerar 17 Christian Ethics and Political Economy in North America A Critical Analysis of U.S. and Canadian Approaches P. Travis Kroeker 18 Pilgrims in Lotus Land Conservative Protestantism in British Columbia, 1917-1981 Robert K. Burkinshaw 19 Through Sunshine and Shadow The Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Evangelicalism, and Reform in Ontario, 1874-1930 Sharon Cook 20 Church, College, and Clergy A History of Theological Education at Knox College, Toronto, 1844-1994 Brian J. Eraser 21 The Lord's Dominion The History of Canadian Methodism Neil Semple 22 A Full-Orbed Christianity The Protestant Churches and Social Welfare in Canada, 1900-1940 Nancy Christie and Michael Gauvreau 23 Evangelism and Apostasy The Evolution and Impact of Evangelicals in Modern Mexico Kurt Bowen 24 The Chignecto Covenanters A Regional History of Reformed Presbyterianism in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, 1827 to 1905 Eldon Hay 25 Methodists and Women's Education in Ontario, 1836-1925 Johanna M. Selles 26 Puritanism and Historical Controversy William Lamont SERIES TWO In memory of George Rawlyk Donald Harman Akenson, Editor Marguerite Bourgeoys and Montreal, 1640-1665 Patricia Simpson Aspects of the Canadian Evangelical Experience Edited by G.A. Rawlyk Infinity, Faith, and Time Christian Humanism and Renaissance Literature John Spencer Hill The Contribution of Presbyterianism to the Maritime Provinces of Canada Charles H.H. Scobie and G.A. Rawlyk, editors Religion and Nationality in Western Ukraine The Greek Catholic Church and the Ruthenian National Movement in Galicia, 1867-1900 John-Paul Himka Religion and Nationality in Western Ukraine The Greek Catholic Church and the Ruthenian National Movement in Galicia, 1867-1900 JOHN-PAUL HIMKA McGill-Queen's University Press Montreal & Kingston • London • Ithaca © McGill-Queen's University Press 1999 ISBN 0-7735-1812-6 Legal deposit second quarter 1999 Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. McGill-Queen's University Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program for its activities. We also acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Himka, John-Paul, 1949- Religion and nationality in Western Ukraine: the Greek Catholic Church and Ruthenian National Movement in Galicia, 1867-1900 (McGill-Queen's studies in the history of religion) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7735-1812-6 1. Catholic Church - Byzantine rite, Ukrainian - Galicia (Poland and Ukraine) - History. 2. Nationalism - Galicia (Poland and Ukraine) - History - 19th century. 3. Nationalism - Galicia (Poland and Ukraine) - Religious aspects - Catholic Church. I. Title. II. Series. Bx4711.622.H54 1999 281'.5 C98-901001-5 This book was typeset by Typo Litho Composition Inc. in 10/12 Palatino. For my parents, John and Cecilia Himka This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Illustrations / xi Acknowledgments / xv List of Abbreviations / xix Illustrations / xxi INTRODUCTION Thematic Perspectives / 3 The Greek Catholic Church / 5 The Ruthenians and Their National Movement / 8 Galicia / 12 The Chronological Limits: 1867-1900 / 13 Historiography / 14 Archival Sources / 19 Technical Matters / 20 PART I: 1866-1881 "A Glimpse into the Future" / 23 The Canonization of Iosafat Kuntsevych and Its Reception in Galicia / 28 Mykhail Kuzemsky, Bishop of Chelm / 32 The Conflict in Przemysl / 42 The Appointment of a New Metropolitan of Halych / 44 The Appointment of Ioann Stupnytsky as Bishop of Przemysl / 47 X Contents The Sion Circle / 49 The National Populists and the Church / 51 The St George Program of 1871 / 54 Improving the People, Serving the Nation / 56 The Conversion of Chelm Eparchy to Orthodoxy / 57 Three-Barred Crosses and Kolpaks / 64 The Resurrectionists / 67 PART II: 1882-1900 A: Crisis and Intervention / 73 Hnylychky and the Treason Trial / 73 The Reform of the Basilian Order / 79 The Resignation of Metropolitan Iosyf Sembratovych / 84 The Excommunication of Father Ioann Naumovych / 94 The Erection of Stanyslaviv Eparchy / 98 The Lviv Provincial Synod of 1891 / 101 Other Measures / 121 Bishops / 125 Andrei Sheptytsky as Bishop of Stanyslaviv / 130 B: Ruthenian National Politics and the Church / 135 The Politics of Sylvestr Sembratovych / 135 Russophilism and National Populism / 138 Radicalism / 149 Pastoral Activity and the National Movement / 158 CONCLUSIONS / 163 Appendix: Chronology, December 1881 to November 1882 / 169 Notes / 171 Bibliography / 217 Index / 231 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1 St George's Cathedral, Lviv. Postcard from the author's collection. 2 Metropolitan Spyrydon Lytvynovych. From Hryhor Luzh- nyts'kyi, Ukrains'ka tserkva mizh Skhodom i Zakhodom. Narys istorii ukrains'koi tserkvy (Philadelphia: Nakladom Soiuzu ukraintsiv- katolykiv "Provydinnia,"1954), 518. 3 losafat Kuntsevych (from Jac. Susza, Cursus vitae et certamen martyrii B. Josaphat, 1665). From M.M. Solovii and A.H. Velykyi, Sviatyi losafat Kuntsevych. Ioho zhyttia i doba, Ukrains'ka dukhovna biblioteka (Toronto: Vydavnytstvo oo. Vasyliian, 1967), plate facing p. 416. 4 Bishop Mykhail Kuzemsky. From LNB, Viddil rukopysiv, Nauk- ove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, Materialy do biohrafichnoho slovnyka [I.O. Levyts'koho] (=f. 1, spr. 493). 5 The Greek Catholic cathedral in Chelm. From [N.I. Petrov,] Kholm- skaia Rus'. Istoricheskiia sud'by Russkago Zabuzh'ia (St Petersburg: Obshchestvennaia pol'za, 1887), 45. 6 Canon Hryhorii Shashkevych. From LNB, Viddil rukopysiv, Nauk- ove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, Materialy do biohrafichnoho slovnyka [I.O. Levyts'koho] (=f. 1, spr. 493). 7 Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky wearing a klobuk (1906). From Cyrille Charon (C.P. Karalevskiy), Le quinzieme Centenaire de S. Jean Chrysostome (407-1907) et ses consequences pour I'action catholique dans I'Orient greco-slave (Rome: College pontifical grec, 1909), plate facing p. 306. 8 Canon Antonii luzychynsky. From LNB, Viddil rukopysiv, Nauk-