University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2011 After appropriation: explorations in intercultural philosophy and religion University of Calgary Press "After appropriation: explorations in intercultural philosophy and religion". Morny Joy, Ed. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/48845 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 Unported Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca University of Calgary Press www.uofcpress.com AFTER APPROPRIATION: EXPLORATIONS IN INTERCULTURAL PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION edited by Morny Joy ISBN 978-1-55238-584-5 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. 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Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the wording around open access used by Australian publisher, re.press, and thank them for giving us permission to adapt their wording to our policy http://www.re-press.org/content/view/17/33/ edited by Morny Joy After ppropriation A EXPLORATIONS IN INTERCULTURAL PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION After Appropriation © 2011 Morny Joy University of Calgary Press 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 www.uofcpress.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written consent of the publisher. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication After appropriation [electronic resource] : explorations in intercultural philosophy and religion / edited by Morny Joy. Based on papers presented at the workshop: Comparative Philosophy and Relgion, held at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., in 2006. Includes bibliographical references and index. Also issued in print format. ISBN 978-1-55238-503-6 (PDF).--ISBN 978-1-55238-584-5 (PDF).--ISBN 978-1-55238-585-2 (HTML) 1. Religions. 2. Philosophy, Comparative. 3. Philosophy and religion. I. Joy, Morny BL51.A48 2011 201’.61 C2011-906853-2 The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Multimedia Development Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. This book has been published with the aid of a grant from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano edited by Morny Joy After ppropriation A EXPLORATIONS IN INTERCULTURAL PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction vii Morny Joy Comparative Studies in Philosophy/Religion and 1 外推 Dialogue as Mutual “Strangification” Waitui( ) Vincent Shen The Philosopher as Stranger: The Idea of Comparative 25 Philosophy Michael McGhee Locating Intercultural Philosophy in Relation to Religion 41 Tinu Ruparell The Connecting Manas: Inner Sense, Common Sense, or 57 the Organ of Imagination Arindam Chakrabarti Studying the “Other”: Challenges and Prospects of 77 Muslim Scholarship on World Religions Ahmad F. Yousif The Vices of Ethics: The Critique of Morality in 95 Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, and Daoism Katrin Froese Comparative Philosophy of Religion and Modern Jewish 119 Philosophy: A Conversation Michael Oppenheim Philosophy, Medicine, Science, and Boundaries 139 Dan Lusthaus v Religious Intellectual Texts as a Site for Intercultural 173 Philosophical and Theological Reflection: The Case of the Śrīmad Rahasyatrayasāra and the Traité de l’Amour de Dieu Francis X. Clooney, S.J. Phenomenology of Awakening in Zhiyi’s Tiantai 203 Philosophy Chen-kuo Lin Ibn Rushd or Averroës? Of Double Names and Double 221 Truths: A Different Approach to Islamic Philosophy Tamara Albertini The Use of Lakṣaṇā in Indian Exegesis 239 Christopher G. Framarin Women’s Rights as Human Rights: Explorations in 257 Intercultural Philosophy and Religion Morny Joy Notes on Contributors 281 Index 287 vi AFTER APPROPRIATION - Morny Joy Introduction MORNY JOY University of Calgary This edited volume is the result of a special workshop funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada and held at the University of Calgary in 2006. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together a group of leading scholars in the two fields of what has been called “comparative religion” and “comparative philosophy.” The mandate was to explore the current state of affairs in these fields and to explore whether there can be a rapprochement between them. To further this task, it set out to investigate certain problems and/or to suggest al- ternative approaches. While there may already be numerous specialized books in the fields of comparative philosophy and comparative religion, there are a limited number of scholars who can address both disciplines. Such scholars attended this workshop. It thus marked the beginning of an interdisciplinary and intercultural project to bring these scholars together to initiate discussion that would continue to take place on a regular basis.1 The unique aspect of the workshop was that this was the first time to my knowledge that a group of scholars had been intentionally assembled where there were scholars with expertise in both areas of comparative philosophy and comparative religion. As such, it is a ground-breaking volume. vii While the division between the two disciplines of Religious Studies and Philosophy is commonplace in Western academia, this bifurcation does not necessarily apply in non-Western settings, where religion and philosophy tend to be integrated. As a result, when the disciplines are virtually mutually exclusive, as in the West, a full appreciation of non- Western approaches to either religion or philosophy is not easily attained, and distortions, such as appropriation, often occur. Within the last ten years, there has been a concerted effort on the part of a number of schol- ars to try to address these deficiencies, but it is necessary to distinguish this project from others that are occurring. It is not a project in inter- religious dialogue, which occurs only among believers and practitioners. Nor is it an exercise in apologetics where one religion would maintain dominance. Instead, it is an academic activity, undertaken with the goal of re-examining many ideas that have been misappropriated or otherwise excluded in comparative studies. These errors have resulted from a trad- itional approach where the religions and philosophies of non-Western peoples have been interpreted by reducing or manipulating their ideas and values to fit solely with Western concepts and categories. As such, this project is conducted with full awareness of the post-colonial critique of such enterprises. As a result, the overall aim of the project is not to reach a final solution or to recommend a definitive procedure – the intricate and often impenetrable jargon employed in many undertakings of comparative philosophy has been noted by many scholars. It is easy to get lost. This book seeks to avoid such interferences with a more modest endeavour of initiating constructive discussion. In undertaking to organize this conference, there was also the in- tention, in accordance with SSHRCC regulations, to have a significant number of Canadian scholars represented, and to have a balance of gender as well as of scholars at different stages of their career. The actual -im petus for this conference resulted from two new joint appointments to the departments of Philosophy and Religious Studies at the University of Calgary in 2006.