ChurchChurch HistoryHistory ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies th ConquestConquest andand ReformationReformation AD 1616th centurycentury th th TheThe AgeAge ofof EnlightenmentEnlightenment AD 1717th-18-18th centuriescenturies th TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution AD 1919th centurycentury th TheThe ModernModern AgeAge AD 2020th centurycentury st TheThe PostmodernPostmodern AgeAge AD 2121st centurycentury ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies The “Dark Ages” Overview Flagrant Abuses of Authority: Zeno, Theodoric, and Clovis Auctoritas Sacrata Pontificum: Gelasius The Rise of the Monk: Benedict, Brendan, and Dennis The Politics of Death: Justinian and Columba Kingdoms of God Streamlining the Church European Empires: The Carolingians European Empires: The Northmen Centuries of In-Fighting TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges SuccessSuccess alwaysalways breedsbreeds discontentdiscontent 817817 LouisLouis thethe PiousPious splitsplit hishis kingdomkingdom AfterAfter barelybarely survivingsurviving anan accidentaccident onon hishis wayway backback toto hishis palacepalace fromfrom aa churchchurch service,service, Charlemagne'sCharlemagne's son,son, Louis,Louis, decideddecided toto setset upup thethe lineline ofof successionsuccession forfor hishis EmpireEmpire His eldest son, Lothar, received the seat of power of the Empire, calling it Lotharingia His second son, Pepin, received the wealthy landslands ofof BurgundyBurgundy His third son, Louis, received Bavaria His nephew, Bernard, received Italy ...and quickly rebelled against the Empire TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching moment—moment— LouisLouis immediatelyimmediately broughtbrought thethe wholewhole militarymilitary mightmight ofof thethe EmpireEmpire toto bearbear againstagainst Bernard,Bernard, whowho thenthen immediatelyimmediately surrenderedsurrendered LouisLouis condemnedcondemned himhim toto deathdeath forfor treason,treason, thenthen commutedcommuted hishis sentencesentence toto aa meremere publicpublic blindingblinding ...from...from whichwhich BernardBernard dieddied twotwo daysdays later,later, inin utterutter agonyagony TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching moment—moment— LouisLouis immediatelyimmediately broughtbrought thethe wholewhole militarymilitary mightmight ofof thethe EmpireEmpire toto bearbear againstagainst Bernard,Bernard, whowho thenthen immediatelyimmediately surrenderedsurrendered LouisLouis condemnedcondemned himhim toto deathdeath forfor treasontreason LouisLouis feltfelt soso badbad aboutabout thatthat (being(being aa piouspious man)man) thatthat hehe performedperformed publicpublic penancepenance beforebefore thethe PopePope ThisThis isis importantimportant forfor twotwo reasons:reasons: 1)1) ItIt greatlygreatly reducedreduced LouisLouis andand hishis authorityauthority inin thethe eyeseyes ofof thethe Empire'sEmpire's populacepopulace 2)2) ItIt createdcreated aa precedentprecedent forfor laterlater kingskings toto dodo thethe samesame thingthing This gave great power to the Pope, demonstrating his power over even the Emperor This also gave license to the secular kings to do whatever they wanted, so long as they did penance later on TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges SuccessSuccess alwaysalways breedsbreeds discontentdiscontent 817817 LouisLouis thethe PiousPious splitsplit hishis kingdomkingdom AfterAfter barelybarely survivingsurviving anan accidentaccident onon hishis wayway backback toto hishis palacepalace fromfrom aa churchchurch service,service, Charlemagne'sCharlemagne's son,son, Louis,Louis, decideddecided toto setset upup thethe lineline ofof successionsuccession forfor hishis EmpireEmpire So Bernard's Italy was then given to Lothar as part of his self-named kingdom of Lotharingia ...which led the other two brothers to begin a series of revolts TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges SuccessSuccess alwaysalways breedsbreeds discontentdiscontent 817817 LouisLouis thethe PiousPious splitsplit hishis kingdomkingdom 840840 LouisLouis died,died, andand EuropeEurope bledbled TheThe VikingsVikings beganbegan toto attackattack NorthernNorthern EuropeEurope lessless forfor bootybooty andand moremore forfor land,land, takingtaking largelarge chunkschunks ofof whatwhat isis nownow FranceFrance andand GermanyGermany TheThe MuslimsMuslims beganbegan toto attackattack ItalyItaly andand surroundingsurrounding areasareas In 844, they even sacked the city of Rome itself but they were pushed back out within two decades or so—though they remained a presence in southern Italy and Sicily TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges SuccessSuccess alwaysalways breedsbreeds discontentdiscontent 817817 LouisLouis thethe PiousPious splitsplit hishis kingdomkingdom 840840 LouisLouis died,died, andand EuropeEurope bledbled TheThe VikingsVikings beganbegan toto attackattack NorthernNorthern EuropeEurope lessless forfor bootybooty andand moremore forfor land,land, takingtaking largelarge chunkschunks ofof whatwhat isis nownow FranceFrance andand GermanyGermany TheThe MuslimsMuslims beganbegan toto attackattack ItalyItaly andand surroundingsurrounding areasareas In 844, they even sacked the city of Rome itself but they were pushed back out within two decades or so—though they remained a presence in southern Italy and Sicily NNOTE:: DuringDuring thisthis timetime inin history,history, thethe caliphscaliphs successfullysuccessfully destroyeddestroyed thethe lastlast remnantsremnants ofof ChristianityChristianity inin theirtheir areas—theareas—the CoptsCopts inin Egypt,Egypt, andand thethe EasternEastern ChurchChurch onon thethe ArabianArabian peninsulapeninsula TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges EvenEven thethe ChurchChurch waswas miredmired inin in-fightingin-fighting 860860±± CyrilCyril andand MethodiusMethodius roserose toto prominenceprominence TwoTwo brothersbrothers fromfrom Thessalonica,Thessalonica, thethe monksmonks becamebecame majormajor missionariesmissionaries toto thethe EastEast InIn fact,fact, ByzantineByzantine EmperorEmperor MichaelMichael IIIIII andand PatriarchPatriarch PhotiosPhotios askedasked themthem toto leadlead aa missionmission toto thethe growinggrowing KhazarKhazar KhaganateKhaganate (which(which affordedafforded religiousreligious freedomfreedom toto allall withinwithin itsits borders)borders) toto convinceconvince themthem toto suppresssuppress thethe expansionexpansion andand acceptanceacceptance ofof JudaismJudaism As a result, the Jewish king of the Khazars declared Judaism the new state religion TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges EvenEven thethe ChurchChurch waswas miredmired inin in-fightingin-fighting 860860±± CyrilCyril andand MethodiusMethodius roserose toto prominenceprominence TwoTwo brothersbrothers fromfrom Thessalonica,Thessalonica, theythey becamebecame majormajor missionariesmissionaries toto thethe EastEast ButBut thethe brothersbrothers diddid managemanage toto createcreate aa newnew alphabetalphabet forfor thethe SlavsSlavs inin EasternEastern EuropeEurope Called “Glagolitic” (after the Slavic word, “glagolŭ,” meaning “to speak”), the alphabet allowed the Bible to be translated into the Slavic languagelanguage forfor thethe firstfirst time:time: It also provided the basis for the modern “Cyrillic” alphabet, still used in Eastern Europe and Russia today: ЭтоЭто КевинКевин что-точто-то писалписал нана РусскомРусском языке.языке. ДовольноДовольно удивительным,удивительным, нене правдаправда ли?ли? TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges EvenEven thethe ChurchChurch waswas miredmired inin in-fightingin-fighting 860860±± CyrilCyril andand MethodiusMethodius roserose toto prominenceprominence 869869 FourthFourth CouncilCouncil ofof ConstantinopleConstantinople waswas heldheld PatriarchPatriarch IgnatiusIgnatius ofof ConstantinopleConstantinople hadhad politicallypolitically opposedopposed thethe uncleuncle ofof thethe youngyoung ByzantineByzantine Emperor,Emperor, MichaelMichael IIIIII So, in retribution, Michael had deposed him as Patriarch and put layman Photios in his place So, in retribution, Pope Nicholas exerted his authority and reinstated Ignatius (in name only) So, in retribution, Photios exerted his authority and excommunicated the Pope TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges EvenEven thethe ChurchChurch waswas miredmired inin in-fightingin-fighting 860860±± CyrilCyril andand MethodiusMethodius roserose toto prominenceprominence 869869 FourthFourth CouncilCouncil ofof ConstantinopleConstantinople waswas heldheld PatriarchPatriarch IgnatiusIgnatius ofof ConstantinopleConstantinople hadhad politicallypolitically opposedopposed thethe uncleuncle ofof thethe youngyoung ByzantineByzantine Emperor,Emperor, MichaelMichael IIIIII WhenWhen BasilBasil II murderedmurdered MichaelMichael andand tooktook