Warwickshire County Council Warwickshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Project Ben Wallace Archaeological Information and Advice Warwickshire Museum Field Services English Heritage Warwickshire County Council Project Number: 3870 MAIN June 2010 Warwickshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Report Maps and Photographs Unless otherwise marked, all maps are oriented north at the top of the page and are copyright Warwickshire County Council. Where used Ordnance Survey data is Crown Copyright, All Rights Reserved and been reproduced under licence no 100019520. All photographs, unless otherwise stated, have been taken by the author. 2 Warwickshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Report Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..........................................................................................................6 ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................11 HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISATION...........................................................................11 THE WARWICKSHIRE HLC PROJECT .....................................................................................14 HOW TO USE THIS REPORT ...................................................................................................21 CHAPTER 2 - METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................23 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................23 STAGES ...............................................................................................................................24 DATABASE ...........................................................................................................................24 SOURCES ............................................................................................................................24 DEFINING POLYGONS ...........................................................................................................25 DATA STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................25 HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ATTRIBUTES...................................................................25 ADDING AND EDITING RECORDS ............................................................................................25 CHAPTER 3 - HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ANALYSIS: HLC BROAD TYPES 27 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................27 DEFINITION EXAMPLE ...........................................................................................................29 UNIMPROVED LAND (UIM) ....................................................................................................31 FIELDSCAPES (FSC) ............................................................................................................34 WOODLAND (WDL) ..............................................................................................................37 WATER FEATURES (WAT) ....................................................................................................40 INDUSTRIAL (IND) ................................................................................................................42 EXTRACTIVE (EXT) ..............................................................................................................44 MILITARY (MIL) ....................................................................................................................46 DESIGNED LANDSCAPE (PAR) ..............................................................................................48 SETTLEMENT (SET) .............................................................................................................51 TRANSPORT (TRA)...............................................................................................................54 CIVIC AND COMMERCIAL (CIV)..............................................................................................57 HORTICULTURAL (HOR) .......................................................................................................59 CHAPTER 4 - HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ANALYSIS: HLC TYPES ..............61 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................61 HEATHLAND (1)....................................................................................................................63 SCRUBLAND (117)................................................................................................................65 COMMONS (2) ......................................................................................................................67 SQUATTER AND ENCROACHMENT ENCLOSURE (9, 10, 11,) ....................................................69 FLOODPLAIN AND MEADOW (108, 116) .................................................................................72 IRREGULAR (PIECEMEAL) ENCLOSURE (12, 13, 14, 15)..........................................................75 PLANNED ENCLOSURE (16, 17, 18).......................................................................................78 VERY LARGE POST WAR FIELDS (19)....................................................................................81 PADDOCKS AND CLOSES (5) .................................................................................................83 WOODLAND CLEARANCE (6, 7, 8) .........................................................................................85 ANCIENT WOODLAND (21, 22, 23,)........................................................................................87 3 Warwickshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Report WOODS WITH SINUOUS BOUNDARIES (24, 25, 26).................................................................90 BROAD-LEAVED PLANTATION (27).........................................................................................92 MIXED PLANTATION (28, 30).................................................................................................94 CONIFEROUS PLANTATION (29) ............................................................................................96 ARTIFICIAL BODY OF WATER (109, 32, 119)...........................................................................98 NATURAL OPEN WATER (33) ..............................................................................................100 MARSH (35) .......................................................................................................................102 INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX (37, 38, 39, 41, 44) ..........................................................................104 DERELICT INDUSTRIAL LAND (40)........................................................................................107 WASTE TIP (42) .................................................................................................................109 MOTOR INDUSTRY (45).......................................................................................................111 RADIO/TELE-COMMUNICATIONS (46) ...................................................................................113 UTILITIES (43) ....................................................................................................................115 COAL EXTRACTION (47)......................................................................................................117 SAND AND GRAVEL EXTRACTION (48) .................................................................................119 HARD ROCK EXTRACTION (49) ...........................................................................................121 CEMENT WORKS (51, 115) .................................................................................................123 MILITARY SITES (53, 52).....................................................................................................125 PARK/GARDEN (56, 62)......................................................................................................127 GOLF COURSE (57)............................................................................................................130 SPORTS FIELD (58, 60) ......................................................................................................132 CEMETERIES (59)...............................................................................................................134 PUBLIC OPEN SPACE (61) ..................................................................................................136 HISTORIC SETTLEMENT CORE (64) .....................................................................................138 TERRACED HOUSING (66, 69, 72, 75) .................................................................................140 SEMI-DETACHED HOUSING (67, 70, 73, 76).........................................................................142 DETACHED HOUSING (68, 71, 74, 77) .................................................................................144 FARMSTEADS (78, 79, 80, 81) ............................................................................................146