AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Haig, Janet, and Eldon E. Ball, 1988. Hermit crabs from north Australian and eastern Indonesian waters (Crustacea Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) collected during the 1975 Alpha Helix Expedition. Records of the Australian Museum 40(3): 151–196. [16 December 1988]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.40.1988.153 ISSN 0067-1975 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia Records of the Australian Museum (1988) Vol. 40: 151-196. ISSN 0067 1975 151 Hermit Crabs from North Australian and Eastern Indonesian Waters (Crustacea Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) Collected During the 1975 Alpha Helix Expedition JANET HAIGl AND ELDON E. BALL2 lAllan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA 2Department of Neurobiology, Research School ofBiological Sciences, Australian National University, P.O. Box 475, Canberra City, ACT 2601, Australia ABSTRACT. Fifty-two species of hermit crabs of the families Coenobitidae, Diogenidae and Paguridae were collected in the Arafura Sea and in Maluku (Moluccas), Indonesia. Five of these species were previously unrecorded from the Arafura Sea and Torres Strait. At the Banda Islands, where the major part of the collecting was done, 34 out of 3 7 species are reported for the first time. The collection included 18 new records for Seram and 14 for Saparua. Four new species are described from Maluku. Live colour notes and information on natural history are presented for most of the species in the collection, and associations are noted with anemones, rhizocephalans, cirolanid and parasitic isopods, copepods, a shrimp and a polychaete. This paper is Contribution 428 ofthe Allan Hancock Foundation. HAIG, 1. & E.E. BALL, 1988. Hermit crabs from north Australia and eastern Indonesian waters (Crustacea Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) collected during the 1975 Alpha Helix Expedition. Records of the Australian Museum 40(3): 151-196. Contents Introduction .................................................................... 152 Materials and Methods ........................................................ 152 Historical Review ............................................................. 155 Systematic account .............................................................. 155 Key to families of hermit crabs of Maluku ........................................ 155 Key to genera and species ofCoenobitidae ofMaluku .............................. 155 Key to genera of Diogenidae of Maluku .......................................... 157 Key to species of Calcinus known from Maluku ................................... 158 Key to species of Clibanarius known from Maluku ................................ 161 Key to species of Dardanus known to occur in Maluku ............................. 164 Key to genera of Paguridae known from Maluku .................................. 177 Discussion ..................................................................... 191 Acknowledgements .............................................................. 192 References ..................................................................... 193 152 Records of the Australian Museum 40 Q ~ \"" Seram o dJ' Ambon l I 50 Saparua ! o ,,!It' r;::::;> • 1/ ..~ .. p Arafura Sea 15 lOO~--------~----------~ 13_.. 1 C8---;-;---,~T orres·· .::. .. 12~I - _3 _1 ...•;. StrOlt ., . .,~ 7 .:~ Timor Sea Fig.I. Area covered by the Alpha Helix Expedition. During 1975 a joint United States-Australian­ through protected areas with strong tidal currents to Indonesian expedition visited North Australian and completely exposed coast. Associated with this Indonesian waters aboard the R.V. Alpha Helix for diversity in exposure is a great diversity in the purpose of studying various aspects of substratum types which include mud, sand, fine bioluminescence and the distribution and physiology gravel and coral rubble, living coral, cobbles and of midwater animals. E. Ball joined the expedition in solid rock. Away from the inner group of islands the Cairns, Australia and collected hermit crabs from bottom falls away quite sharply down the old crater otter trawls in the Torres Strait and Arafura Sea (Fig. walls. Sea water temperatures during the expedition 1) as well as during visits to the islands of Saparua were in the range 28 ~ laC, although on some calm and Seram in Maluku. A station was established in days higher temperatures would have been reached the Banda Islands (Figs 1, 2), where a fairly on the reef flats and in tidepools. comprehensive survey was made of the distribution, abundance and some aspects of natural history of the hermit crabs of the three small islands comprising Materials and Methods this group. The Banda Islands are relatively isolated volcanic Hermit crabs were collected by otter trawl (in the islands lying approximately 200 km southeast of Arafura Sea) and by SCUBA diving, free diving and Ambon. The inner group consists of three islands: intertidal collecting. Relative abundance, depth of Gunungapi, an active volcano with an elevation of collection and substratum were routinely recorded, approximately 655 m; the neighbouring island of as were any other factors felt to be of potential Naira on which stands the town of Bandanaira; and significance in relation to hermit crab natural Banda Besar, which appears to be part of the wall of history. Low oxygen levels, produced by keeping the an ancient crater. The arrangement of these islands is animals together in a small volume of water, such (Fig. 2) that they provide a wide variety of frequently caused them to emerge partly or habitats ranging from almost totally protected completely from their shells. Alternatively, or when Haig & Ball: Anomura, Paguroidea 153 52' 54' 56' 58' Kraka 30' ~Pis.ang \#11 30' $elat·· lama 6 31' 31' 32' 32' 33' 33' 34' 34' 35'~---L----~----~~----~----~----~----~----~ 52' 54' 56' 58' Fig.2. Map of Banda Islands, with collecting stations. Reef flats are shaded, land contours are shown at 30m intervals, outer dotted line marks 100m depth. this method failed, animals were cracked from their Keys are provided to the families and genera of shells with a vise. Colour was noted before the crabs hermit crabs that are known to occur in Maluku and were placed in preservative. to the species of certain genera (Coenobita, Calcinus, The collection was shipped to the Allan Hancock Clibanarius and Dardanus) which are common in Foundation, where J. Haig made final identifications that area. Since very little is known as yet about east and prepared descriptions of new species. In general, Indonesian hermit crabs from deeper waters, we these descriptions follow the format and terminology have included only those taxa that have been used in a series of papers by P.L. McLaughlin and recorded in the area (previously or in the present collaborators (e.g. McLaughlin, 1974, 1975, 1986; paper) in depths of 20 metres or less. In the keys, McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1974; Haig & species recorded from Maluku but not collected there McLaughlin, 1984; McLaughlin & Haig, in press). during the Alpha Helix expedition are marked with Holotypes of new species are deposited in the an asterisk. Indonesian National Institute of Oceanology, The following abbreviations are used in the text Jakarta (NIOJ). Other material is deposited in the and in legends to the figures: SL - shield length; TL - Crustacea collections ofthat institution and in those total length; P - pereopod; pI - pleopod; mxp - of the Australian Museum, Sydney (AM) and the maxilliped. Institutions other than the three cited Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles (AHF). above are abbreviated BMNH - (British Museum For each species collected, we give the reference to [Natural History], London), IM - (Indian Museum, its original description and to those of its junior Calcutta), MNHN - (Museum National d'Histoire synonyms, and to the work which first cited the name Naturelle, Paris), SMF (Natur-Museum in its currently accepted combination. We also Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main), and USNM - include references to other works which have (National Museum of Natural History, Washington, important descriptive material or information on D.C.). For the current spelling of Indonesian place colour or behaviour. The general distribution of each names we have followed "Gazetteer of Indonesia" species is also noted. Detailed station data are given (Third Edition, 1982, Defense Mapping Agency, in Table 1. Washington, D.C.). 154 Records of the Australian Museum 40 Table 1. Station data for material collected ARAFURASEA STATION LOCALITY POSITION DATE (1975) (Alpha Helix) S E I Torres Strait 10'38.0' 141 '06.5' 16Mar 3 Torres Strait 10'39.0' 140'29.5' 16Mar 6 Torres Strait 10'38.0' 139'27.0' 16Mar 7 Torres Strait 10'40.2' 139' 19.2' 16Mar 8 ArafuraSea 10'29.2' 138'03.4' 17Mar 11 ArafuraSea 10'27.5' 136'47.0' 17Mar 12 ArafuraSea 10'26.0' 136'25.8' 17Mar 13 ArafuraSea 10' 15.2' 136'07.3' 17Mar 15 Arafura Sea 09'32.3' 134'49.0' 18 Mar BANDA ISLANDS STATION LOCALITY POSITION (APPROX.) DATE (1975) S E Naira, off Bandanaira town 4°32.0' 129° 53.3' 25 Mar, 11,18 Apr 2 Naira, in Zonnegat off Bandanaira town 4'31.8' 129° 53.2' 26 Mar 3 south side Banda Besar 4°33.7' 129° 53.2' 27 Mar 4 south coast Gunungapi