Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C Biological Science Volume 14 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Isolation and Phytochemical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from the Rhizomes of Cyperus Rotundus. L By Jeyasheela. R, K. Chairman, C. Padmalatha & A. J. A. Ranjit Singh Sri Paramakalyani College, India Abstract- Phytochemical constituents of plants with varied phytochemical, physiological and biochemical activity has received attention to use them as food, medicine, cosmetics etc. In fact many plants extracts have been shown to exert biological activity invitro and invivo which justified the healing potential of ethnomedicine. Using phytochemical analysis, UVvisible spectrum and GC-MS studies, the active compound that are rich in rhizomes were tested. From the investigation it was found that phenolic compounds and tannin are rich in rhizomes. An important compound that formed a dominant peak was identified to be 3, 3, 3, trifluoro -N-(-4-fluorophenyl)- bicyclo (4.1.0) heptanes. Hence it is essential to study the traditional health care systems. Keywords: cyperus rotundus, phytochemical analysis, uvanalysis, GC- MS analysis.. GJSFR-C Classification : FOR Code: 270199p Isolation andPhytochemical Characterization ofBioactive CompoundfromtheRhizomes ofCyperusRotundus.L Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of : © 2014. Jeyasheela. R, K. Chairman, C. Padmalatha & A. J. A. Ranjit Singh. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Isolation and Phytochemical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from the Rhizomes of Cyperus Rotundus. L Jeyasheela. R α, K.Chairman σ, C. Padmalatha ρ & A. J. A. Ranjit Singh Ѡ Abstract- Phytochemical constituents of plants with varied India for fever, dysentery, purities, pain, vomiting and phytochemical, physiological and biochemical activity has various blood disorders (Kirtikar et al., 1944). In received attention to use them as food, medicine, cosmetics particular, plant extracts offer a rich potential source of 2014 etc. In fact many plants extracts have been shown to exert r novel anti – platelet agents (Ballabeni et al., 2007). ea biological activity invitro and invivo which justified the healing Y potential of ethnomedicine. Using phytochemical analysis, UV- C. rotundus has been reported to contain visible spectrum and GC-MS studies, the active compound sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbons, epoxides and ketones 21 that are rich in rhizomes were tested. From the investigation it and also used as anti-inflammatory estrogenic, ant- was found that phenolic compounds and tannin are rich in ipyretic, antiemetic, diuretic, hypotensive agent (Aslam, rhizomes. An important compound that formed a dominant 2002). There are some reports on the phytochemical peak was identified to be 3, 3, 3, trifluoro -N-(-4-fluorophenyl)- analysis of species belonging to Cyperus rotundus bicyclo (4.1.0) heptanes. Hence it is essential to study the found in the literature. These scientific studies on the V II traditional health care systems. species of this genus showed the presence of ue ersion I Keywords: cyperus rotundus, phytochemical analysis, uv- s constituents belonging mainly to the groups of s analysis, GC-MS analysis. sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, tannins sterols, alkaloids, I X benzoquinones and essential oils (Zargari, 1990 and XIV I. Introduction Lawal and Oyedeji, 2009). yperus rotundus Linn., (Family -Cyperaceae),is a A novel norsesquiterpene, named norcyperone , medicinal plant, also known as purple nut edge and three known compounds:(-)-clovane-2,9-diol , Cor nut grass, is a common perennial weed with rosenonolactone , and 5α,8α-epidioxy-(20S,22E,24R)- C slender, scaly creeping rhizomes, bulbous at the base ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol were isolated from the rhizomes () and arising from the tubers which are about 1-3 cm of Cyperus rotundus L.(Yan Xu et al.,2008).The rhizome long. The tubers are externally blackish in colour and oils of this plant from different countries also showed reddish white inside, with a characteristic odour. The compositional differences, suggesting the existence of stems grow to about 25 cm tall and the leaves are linear, phytochemical varieties. Cyperene (19.2-30.9%) and α- Research Volume dark green and grooved on the upper surface. cyperone (4.5-25.2%) were the most abundant Inflorescences are small, with 2-4 bracts, consisting of constituents of the oils of Nigerian and Tunisian species, tiny flowers with a red-brown husk. The nut is three but the concentrations of other main components varied Frontier angled, oblong-ovate, yellow in colour and black when (Ekundayo et al., 1991 and Kilani et al., 2005). Root ripe. Cyperus rotundus is indigenous to India, but are extracts of C. rotundus (CR) showed the presence of β- now found in tropical, subtropical and temperate sitosterol, cyperene, cyperol, flavonoids, ses- Science regions (Pooley et al, 1998). The genus Cyperus quiterpenoids, ascorbic acid and polyphenols (Sonwa of includes common weeds found in upland and paddy and Konig, 2001). fields in temperature to tropical regions. C. rotundus, which are used as traditional folk medicines for II. Materials and Methods Journal treatment of stomach and inflammatory diseases (Gupta et al 1971; Singh et al., 1970). The Cyperus rotundus L a) Preparation of the plant extract have been reported to contain oils, alkaloids, Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins. The rhizomes obtained by using soxhlet apparatus. The two extracts, Global of C. rotundus have been used in ancient medicine in with different polarities were concentrated by evaporating it to dryness under reduced pressure by Author α ρ : Dept. of Zoology, M. V. M. Govt. Arts and Science College rotary vaccum evaporator (New Lab, Company) to for Women, Dindugal, Tamilnadu. obtain the respective extracts and each residue was Author σ : Dept. of Zoology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, stored at 4 0C. These two extracts were resuspended in Tirunelveli, Tamilnaudu, India-627 412. Author Ѡ : Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Dimethyl sulfoxide. The extracts were then stored at - Tamilnaudu, India-627 412. e-mail: [email protected] 180c until further analysis. ©2014 Global Journals Inc. (US) Isolation and Phytochemical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from the Rhizomes of Cyperus Rotundus.L b) Column chromatography – Methanol extract ii. Detection of saponins The column was packed with silica gel G for Small portion of the various filtrates were diluted column chromatography (60 – 120) and built the column with 20 ml of distilled water and it was agitated in a with n-hexane mesh. The slurry of methanol root extract graduated cylinder for 15 minutes. Formation of foamy (3g) was introduced in to the column. layer was record, it indicated the presence of saponin. The 50ml of fractions were collected by eluting iii. Detection of Xanthoproteins hexane: ethyl acetate (H: EA) and also followed by ethyl To the filtrates add few drops of concentrated acetate: methanol (EA: M). The order of elution is nitric acid was added with excess amount of ammonia H:EA(70: 30),H:EA (60: 40), EA100% , EA:M(98:2) ,EA : .No red orange precipitate indicates the absence of M (95:5) ,EA : M (90 : 10) ,EA: M (80:20) EA : M (60 ; xantho proteins in all fractions. 40), EA : M (40 : 60), EA : M (20 : 80), 100% Methanol. The collected fractions were then concentrated using iv. Detection of Tannins rotary vacuum evaporator under reduced pressure was To the filtrate, 2ml of solution of gelatin was 2014 used for further pharmacological and spectral analysis. added white precipitate was seen which indicates the presence of tannins. Year c) Column chromatography – Ethyl acetate extract The column was packed with silica gel G (60 - v. Detection of Aromatic acids 22 120mesh) for column chromatography and built the To small quantity of the various filtrates add column with dichloromethane. The slurry of ethyl acetate saturated sodium bicarbonate, no brisk effervescence root extract (6g) was introduced into the column. indicates the absence of Aromatic acids. The 50ml of fractions were collected by eluting vi. Detection of Flavanoids V dichloromethane: methanol (DCM: M). The order of Small portion of the various filtrates were II elution is DCM : M (80 : 20) ,DCM : M (70 : 30) ,DCM : dissolved in alcohol and treated with magnesium metal M (60 : 40) ,DCM : M (50: 50) ,DCM : M (40 : 60) ,DCM : followed by concentrated hydrochloric acid. Formation M (30 : 70) ,DCM : M (20 : 80), DCM : M (10 : 90) , 100% of Magenta colour indicates the presence of flavonoids. Methanol. Finally the collected fractions were XIV Iss ue ersion I evaporated and concentrated using rotary vacuum vii. Detection of phytosterols evaporator under reduced pressure and were used for Small quantity of various filtrates were dissolved further pharmacological and spectral analysis. in 5ml of chloroform solutions were subjected to salkowski’s and Liebermann-Burchard’s test for the d) Phytochemical Screening detection of phytosterols. C Phytochemical screening of eluted fractions () was tested for the