EU Justice, Freedom and Security Assessment Missions to Ukraine Final Report The project is financed by A project implemented by the European Union the International Centre for Migration Policy Development By Bo Bruun, Denmark Ian Bryant, United Kingdom Tibor Gampe, Hungary David Gladwell, United Kingdom Helmut Gram, Austria Sonja Kurtén- Vartio, Finland Rina Pavlin –Gnidovec, Slovenia The views expressed in this report are the views of the Mission team members and do not necessarily represent the opinion of the European Commission. Experts’ recommendations do not prejudge any decision of Community financing May 2006 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 3 List of Abbreviations............................................................................................................ 9 I. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 10 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 12 Migration and Asylum ............................................................................................. 12 Border Management................................................................................................. 14 Customs.................................................................................................................... 15 Visa........................................................................................................................... 15 Fight against Organised Crime................................................................................. 16 Fight against Terrorism ............................................................................................ 17 Rule of Law, Judiciary and Good Governance ........................................................ 17 Detention and Imprisonment.................................................................................... 18 II. Situation Analysis............................................................................................................... 19 1. Migration......................................................................................................................... 19 Introductory Remarks............................................................................................... 19 1.1. Legal Framework and Policy .................................................................................... 21 1.1.1. National Strategies and Implementation Plans............................................. 22 1.1.2. Approximation of Ukrainian Legislation to EU Norms and Standards ............. 22 Legal immigration.................................................................................................... 22 Return and readmission agreements......................................................................... 22 1.2. Institutional Framework ............................................................................................ 23 1.2.1. Organisation and Structure................................................................................. 23 1.2.2. Human Resources Management Capacity.......................................................... 25 1.2.3. Infrastructure and Equipment............................................................................. 26 1.2.4. Procedures .......................................................................................................... 26 1.2.5. Detention and Accommodation Standards......................................................... 26 1.2.6. Effectiveness and Efficiency of Policy Implementation.................................... 28 1.2.7. Inter-agency Co-operation.................................................................................. 29 1.2.8. International and Bilateral Co-operation............................................................ 29 1.2.9. Co-operation with International Organisations.................................................. 29 2. Asylum............................................................................................................................. 30 2.1. Legal Framework and Policy .................................................................................... 30 2.1.1. National Strategies and Implementation Plans................................................... 30 2.1.2. Approximation of Ukrainian Legislation to EU Norms and Standards ............. 31 2.2. Institutional Framework ............................................................................................ 32 2.2.1. Organisation and Structure................................................................................. 32 2.2.2. Human Resources Management Capacity.......................................................... 32 2.2.3. Infrastructure and Equipment............................................................................. 33 2.2.4. Procedures .......................................................................................................... 33 2.2.5. Reception Capacity and Standards..................................................................... 35 2.2.6. Effectiveness and Efficiency of Policy Implementation.................................... 36 3 2.2.7. Inter-agency Co-operation.................................................................................. 36 2.2.8. International and Bilateral Co-operation and Co-operation with International Organisations................................................................................................................ 36 3. Border Management ...................................................................................................... 36 Introductory Remarks............................................................................................... 36 3.1. Legal Framework and Policy .................................................................................... 37 3.1.1. National Strategies and Implementation Plans................................................... 38 3.1.2. Approximation of Ukrainian Legislation to EU Norms and Standards ............. 39 3.2 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 39 3.2.1. Organisation and Structure................................................................................. 39 3.2.2. Human Resources Management Capacity.......................................................... 40 Training .................................................................................................................... 40 3.2.3. Infrastructure and Equipment............................................................................. 41 IT and Databases ...................................................................................................... 41 Border Crossing Points............................................................................................. 42 Border Units ............................................................................................................. 42 Mobile Units............................................................................................................. 42 Temporary Detention Centres .................................................................................. 42 3.2.4. Procedures .......................................................................................................... 43 3.2.5. Inter-agency Co-operation.................................................................................. 43 3.2.6. International and Bilateral Co-operation and Agreements and Co-operation with International Organisations .......................................................................................... 44 4. Customs........................................................................................................................... 45 Introductory Remarks............................................................................................... 45 4.1. Legal Framework and Policy .................................................................................... 45 4.1.1. National Strategies and Implementation Plans................................................... 47 4.2 Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 48 4.2.1. Administrative structures at national, regional and sub-regional level.............. 48 4.2.2. Human Resources Management Capacity.......................................................... 49 Training .................................................................................................................... 49 4.2.3. Infrastructure and Equipment............................................................................. 50 IT .............................................................................................................................. 50 4.2.4. Procedures .......................................................................................................... 51 Risk Analysis............................................................................................................ 51 4.2.5. Effectiveness and Efficiency of