Using Argo under sea ice Arctic Olaf Klatt Olaf Boebel Eberhard Fahrbach Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Bremerhaven Antarctic Climate variability Polar regions play a critical role in setting the rate and nature of global climate variability, e.g. • heat budget • freshwater budget • carbon budget In the past the high latitude oceans have been drastically under-sampled, particularly in winter TlifhlililTemperature anomalies from the climatological mean (Böning et al..2008) Outline • Introduction • Towards ice compatible floats – Antarctic (Weddell Sea) realisation • Ice Sensing Algorithm • Interim Store • RAFOS-Receivers • Array of Sound sources – Arctic planning • Arctic ISA • Physical Ice Protection Ice compatibility of Argo floats: a 3 step process Ice protection Interim storage Under Ice location (ISA, aISA) (iStore) (RAFOS) Aborts ascent when sea – Provides delayed mode Provides subsurface ice is expected at the profile when surfacing profile position when surface impossible surfacing impossible protects the fragile parts agaitthiinst the ice pressure Successful (()Weddell Sea) Successful (()Weddell Sea) Successful (()Weddell Sea) Arctic update under test No update is needed Installation of a small array is planed Weddell Sea solutions • Ice ppgrotection: Antarctic ice sensing was defined If the median of the temperature between 50db and 20db (T|p=(50,45,40,35,30,25,20 dbar) ) is less -1.79 °C abort surface attempt ÆIncreased the “survival probability” and doubled the life time of floats in ice invested areas. Recent Argo float d ist ribut io n WddllSWeddell Sea d dtata WOCE: CTD-sttitations AWI floa ts 1100 CTD casts 7000 float profiles WddllSWeddell Sea d dtata WOCE: CTD-sttitations AWI floa ts winter winter < 300 CTD casts >3000 float profiles Weddell Sea solutions • Ice protection: Antarctic ice sensing was defined If t he me dian of t he temperature b etween 50db and 20db ( T|p=(50,45,40,35,30,25,20 dbar) )i) is less 1.79 °C abort surface attempt ÆIncreased the “survival probability” and doubled the life time of floats in ice invested areas. • Interim storage (iStore) was established Æ For the first time a noteworthy amount of data obtained in ice covered areas. Temppyyerature and Salinity Cycle AWI_088 wmo number: 7900086 Weddell Sea solutions • Ice protection: Antarctic ice sensing was defined If the median of the temperature between 50db and 20db (T|p=(50,45,40,35,30,25,20 dbar) ) is less 1.79 °C abort surface attempt ÆIncreased the “survival ppyrobability” and doubled the life time of floats in ice invested areas. • Interim storage (iStore) was established Æ For the first time a noteworthy amount of data obtained in ice covered areas. • Under ice location: RAFOS technique Æ geo-referenced under ice profiles Under ice location: 2009: array of 10 Sound Sources installed Subsurface trajectory Weddell Sea solutions • Ice protection: Antarctic ice sensing was defined If t he me dian of t he temperature b etween 50db and 20db ( T|p=(50,45,40,35,30,25,20 dbar) )i) is less 1.79 °C abort surface attempt ÆIncreased the “survival probability” and doubled the life time of floats in ice invested areas. • Interim storage (iStore) was established Æ For the first time a noteworthy amount of data obtained in ice covered areas. • Under ice location: RAFOS technique Æ geo-reference of under ice profiles • Scientific application Velocity and Temperature from the Floats To the East To the West Float data in combination with a model Mean temperature of WDW in the Weddell Sea WDW temperature at Greenwich meridian from CTD sections Fahrbach et al. 2010 Arctic Iridium Arctic ISA (ice-temperature-correlation) Physical ice protection New sensor for ice sensing photodiode Fa lse ly ISA a ttr ibu ted i ce conditi ons Overall mismatch ISA: falsely ice cover ISA: falsely open water [%] AA h of IS cc Mismat abort Temperature IttiIce protection Outlook: New sensor for ice sensing Transmission coefficients of water and ice Deployment plan: June/July 2010 (personal comunication W. Walczowski).