2015 2015 2014 2014 Los ViagrasLos Viagras Los Viagras 2013 2013 Guerreros UnidosGuerreros Unidos Guerreros Unidos 2012 2012 La BarredoraLa Barredora La Barredora Caballeros Templarios Caballeros Templarios Caballeros Templarios Cártel Independiente de Acapulco Cártel Independiente de Acapulco Cártel Cártel Cártel del Charrodel Charrodel Charro Cártel Independiente de Acapulco 2011 2011 La Mano con OjosLa Mano con Ojos La Nueva Administración La Nueva Administración La Mano con Ojos La Nueva Administración Los Rojos Los RojosLos Rojos Cártel del Cártel del Pacífico SurPacífico Sur Cártel del Pacífico Sur Cártel de Cártel de Cártel de la Barbiela Barbiela Barbie La ResistenciaLa Resistencia Cártel Jalisco Nueva GeneraciónCártel Jalisco Nueva Generación La Resistencia Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación 2010 2010 2015 2015 Los ZetasLos Zetas Los Zetas 2009 2009 2014 2014 “El Teo” Faction Faction Faction “El Teo” “El Teo” “El Teo” Cártel de los Beltrán LeyvaCártel de los Beltrán Leyva Cártel de los Beltrán Leyva 2008 2008 Los Viagras 2013 2013 2007 2007 Guerreros Unidos 2012 2012 La Familia MichoacanaLa Familia Michoacana La Familia Michoacana 2006 2006 La Barredora Caballeros Templarios Cártel Independiente de Acapulco Cártel del Charro 2011 2011 2005 La Mano con Ojos La Nueva Administración 2005 Los Rojos Cártel del Pacífico Sur Cártel de la Barbie La Resistencia Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación 2010 2010 2004 2004 Los Zetas 2009 2009 2003 2003 “El Teo” Faction “El Teo” Cártel de los Beltrán Leyva 2008 2008 2015 2015 2002 2002 2007 2007 2014 2014 La Familia Michoacana La Familia MichoacanaLa Familia Michoacana 2001 2001 La Familia Michoacana 2006 2006 Los Viagras 2013 2013 2000 2000 2005 2005 Guerreros Unidos 2012 2012 Los Zetas Los ZetasLos Zetas 1999 1999 2004 2004 La Barredora Caballeros Templarios Cártel del Charro Cártel Independiente de Acapulco 2011 2011 1998 1998 2003 La Mano con Ojos La Nueva Administración 2003 Cártel del Pacífico Sur Los Rojos Cártel de la Barbie La Resistencia Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación 2010 2010 1997 1997 2002 2002 Los Zetas 2009 2009 1996 1996 La Familia Michoacana 2001 2001 “El Teo” Faction “El Teo” Cártel de los Beltrán Leyva 2008 2008 1995 1995 2000 2000 2007 2007 1994 1994 Los Zetas 1999 1999 La Familia Michoacana 2006 2006 1993 1993 1998 1998 2005 2005 1992 1992 1997 1997 2004 2004 1991 1991 1996 1996 2003 2003 Cártel del MilenioCártel del Milenio Cártel del Milenio 1990 1990 1995 1995 2002 2002 Cártel de JuárezCártel de JuárezCártel de Juárez Cártel de TijuanaCártel de TijuanaCártel de Tijuana Cártel de SonoraCártel de SonoraCártel de Sonora Cártel de SinaloaCártel de SinaloaCártel de Sinaloa 1989 1989 1994 1994 La Familia Michoacana 2001 2001 Cártel de ColimaCártel de Colima Cártel de Colima 1988 1988 1993 1993 2000 2000 1987 1987 1992 1992 Los Zetas 1999 1999 1986 1986 1991 1991 1998 1998 1985 1985 Cártel del Milenio 1990 1990 Mexico Center intern Juan Diego Saldaña and director Tony Payan created this Mexico Center intern Juan Diego Saldaña and director Tony timeline in collaboration with program manager Lisa Guáqueta. Saldaña compiled the July 2015 and February 2016. His source materials research for this project between are listed in the references sheet. The Mexico Center thanks Guadalupe Correa- Barrada and Fernando Chinchilla for their contributions to this Cabrera, Rocío Rivera Sonja Fulbright and Shawn O’Neill. project. Graphic design by 1997 1997 Payan created this Payan created this Mexico Center intern Juan Diego Saldaña and director Tony Mexico Center intern Juan Diego Saldaña and director Tony timeline in collaboration with program manager Lisa Guáqueta. Saldaña compiled the timeline in collaboration with program manager Lisa Guáqueta. Saldaña compiled the July 2015 and February 2016. His source materials July 2015 and February 2016. His source materials research for this project between research for this project between are listed in the references sheet. The Mexico Center thanks Guadalupe Correa-are listed in the references sheet. The Mexico Center thanks Guadalupe Correa- Barrada and Fernando Chinchilla for their contributions to this Barrada and Fernando Chinchilla for their contributions to this Cabrera, Rocío Rivera Cabrera, Rocío Rivera Sonja Fulbright and Shawn O’Neill. Sonja Fulbright and Shawn O’Neill. project. Graphic design by project. Graphic design by 1984 1984 Cártel de Juárez Cártel de Tijuana Cártel de Sonora Cártel de Sinaloa 1989 1989 1996 1996 1983 1983 Cártel de Colima 1988 1988 1995 1995 1982 1982 1987 1987 1994 1994 1981 1981 1986 1986 1993 1993 Cártel del Golfo Cártel de OaxacaCártel de OaxacaCártel de Oaxaca Cártel del GolfoCártel del Golfo Cártel de Guadalajara Cártel de GuadalajaraCártel de Guadalajara the placement of each group on the timeline. This timeline includes every major group that has been responsible for mass drug major group that has been responsible for mass drug major group that has been responsible for mass drug This timeline includes every This timeline includes every This timeline includes every trafficking and for which sufficient information is available. Please note that the trafficking and for which sufficient information is available. Please note that the trafficking and for which sufficient information is available. Please note that the and chronology of each cartel may at times be estimated, due to and chronology of each cartel may at times be estimated, due to and chronology of each cartel may at times be estimated, due to breakdown breakdown breakdown organizations, such as conflicting data and organizations, such as conflicting data and organizations, such as conflicting data and problems inherent to the study of covert problems inherent to the study of covert problems inherent to the study of covert missing dates. Design considerations, rather than specific characteristics, determined missing dates. Design considerations, rather than specific characteristics, determined missing dates. Design considerations, rather than specific characteristics, determined the placement of each group on the timeline.the placement of each group on the timeline. NotesNotesNotes The Evolution of Cartels in Mexico, 1980–2015 of Cartels in Mexico, 1980–2015 of Cartels in Mexico, 1980–2015 The Evolution The Evolution The Evolution 1980 1980 1985 1985 1992 1992 Mexico Center intern Juan Diego Saldaña and director Tony Payan created this Mexico Center intern Juan Diego Saldaña and director Tony timeline in collaboration with program manager Lisa Guáqueta. Saldaña compiled the July 2015 and February 2016. His source materials research for this project between are listed in the references sheet. The Mexico Center thanks Guadalupe Correa- Barrada and Fernando Chinchilla for their contributions to this Cabrera, Rocío Rivera Sonja Fulbright and Shawn O’Neill. project. Graphic design by 1984 1984 1991 1991 1983 1983 Cártel del Milenio 1990 1990 1982 1982 Cártel de Juárez Cártel de Tijuana Cártel de Sonora Cártel de Sinaloa 1989 1989 1981 1981 Cártel de Colima 1988 1988 Cártel de Oaxaca Cártel del Golfo Cártel de Guadalajara Notes major group that has been responsible for mass drug This timeline includes every trafficking and for which sufficient information is available. Please note that the and chronology of each cartel may at times be estimated, due to breakdown organizations, such as conflicting data and problems inherent to the study of covert missing dates. Design considerations, rather than specific characteristics, determined the placement of each group on the timeline. The Evolution of Cartels in Mexico, 1980–2015 The Evolution 1980 1980 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 Mexico Center intern Juan Diego Saldaña and director Tony Payan created this Mexico Center intern Juan Diego Saldaña and director Tony timeline in collaboration with program manager Lisa Guáqueta. Saldaña compiled the July 2015 and February 2016. His source materials research for this project between are listed in the references sheet. The Mexico Center thanks Guadalupe Correa- Barrada and Fernando Chinchilla for their contributions to this Cabrera, Rocío Rivera Sonja Fulbright and Shawn O’Neill. project. Graphic design by 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 Cártel del Golfo Cártel de Oaxaca Cártel de Guadalajara Notes major group that has been responsible for mass drug This timeline includes every trafficking and for which sufficient information is available. Please note that the and chronology of each cartel may at times be estimated, due to breakdown organizations, such as conflicting data and problems inherent to the study of covert missing dates. Design considerations, rather than specific characteristics, determined the placement of each group on the timeline. The Evolution of Cartels in Mexico, 1980–2015 The Evolution 1980 1980 References Anderson, John Ward. 1997. “Alleged Kingpin of Sonora Cartel Untouched by Law.” The Washington Post, February 26. Accessed July 21, 2015. Beittel, June S. 2012. “Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations.” Trends in Organized Crime: 1-33. Accessed July 29, 2015. Borderland Beat. 2011. “Another ‘La Barredora’ Leader Is Arrested.” November 5. Accessed July 21, 2015. Brito, Luis. 2011. “Cómo surgió la organización delictiva ‘La Mano con Ojos’.” CNN Mexico, August 11. Accessed July 21, 2015. Bunker, Robert J. 2013. “Introduction: The Mexican Cartels—Organized Crime vs. Criminal Insurgency.” Trends in Organized Crime 16.2: 129-37. Accessed January 31, 2016. Castellanos, Guillermo Valdés. 2013. Historia del narcotráfico