Dedicated to the memory of James O’Callaghan Kilmallock Area Engineer from 1976-2008 KILMALLOCK TOWN WALLS CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN C O N T E N T S Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................................. 1 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................. 1 ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 4 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ............................................................................ 5 2. UNDERSTANDING – LOCATION, DESIGNATIONS AND HISTORY ............................ 15 3. UNDERSTANDING – STRUCTURE AND CONDITION .................................................. 30 4. UNDERSTANDING - ECOLOGY AND GREEN SPACES............................................... 34 5. UNDERSTANDING - SETTING........................................................................................ 38 6. CONSULTATION.............................................................................................................. 46 7. ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................................ 47 8. VULNERABILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES................................................................... 52 9. POLICIES ......................................................................................................................... 58 10. IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW.................................................................................. 72 11. GAZETTEER ....................................................................................................................75 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................. 154 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Kilmallock................................................................................................6 Figure 2: Circuit of Kilmallock Town Walls with buffer zone.................................................. 7 Figure 3: Gazetteer numbers and phases................................................................................. 9 Figure 4: Land ownership surrounding the Town Walls....................................................... 10 Figure 5: Locations of National Monuments and RMPs (after Kilmallock Local Area Plan, Map 2B).......................................................................................................... 16 Figure 6: RPS Locations (after Kilmallock Local Area Plan, Map 2A) ................................. 17 Figure 7: Joanes’ map of Kilmallock, c.1600 (after O’Connor 1987, 52, figure 4.1)........... 20 Figure 8: First edition OS map extract (1829 – 1841) ............................................................ 23 Figure 9: Second edition OS map extract (1897 - 1913) ........................................................ 23 Kilmallock Town Walls Conservation and Management Plan Page i Figure 10: Sites of archaeological works within Kilmallock ................................................. 29 Figure 11: Key views within and in the immediate vicinity of the walls .............................. 42 Figure 12: Walks around the town and walls.......................................................................... 57 LIST OF PLATES Front cover: Kilmallock vue - by John Mulvany, 1827 (image courtesy of the Hunt Museum, Limerick) Plate 1: Joanes’ map of Kilmallock c.1600 (by permission of the Board of Trinity College, Dublin) ................................................................................................................. 4 Plate 2: Original monastery of St. Mocheallȩg (courtesy of S. McCutcheon)..................... 18 Plate 3: Medieval Mansion ........................................................................................................ 21 Plate 4: View of King's Castle, looking sourth - by George Petrie, 1825 (image courtesy of the National Library of Ireland .................................................................. 21 Plate 5: Kilmallock vue by John Mulvany, 1827 (image courtesy of the Hunt Museum, Limerick).......................................................................................................... 22 Plate 6: Loss of facing stones.................................................................................................. 31 Plate 7: Visible core................................................................................................................... 31 Plate 8: Unprotected wall top ................................................................................................... 32 Plate 9: Plant overgrowth ......................................................................................................... 32 Plate 10: Build up along internal wall face.............................................................................. 33 Plate 11: Ivy ................................................................................................................................ 34 Plate 12:Lichen .......................................................................................................................... 34 Plate 13: Rustyback fern........................................................................................................... 35 Plate 14: Maidenhair Spleenwork fern..................................................................................... 35 Plate 15: Stand of Japanese knotweed ................................................................................... 35 Plate 16: Black Poplar ............................................................................................................... 36 Plate 17: Sycamore.................................................................................................................... 36 Plate 18: Amenity grassland..................................................................................................... 36 Plate 19: Wild meadow.............................................................................................................. 36 Plate 20: Semi-Improved grassland......................................................................................... 37 Plate 21: River Loobagh............................................................................................................ 37 Plate 22: View of Kilmallock from the north (courtesy of S. McCutcheon) ........................ 38 Plate 23: West wall (exterior).................................................................................................... 39 Plate 24: Site of St. John’s Gate............................................................................................... 40 Plate 25: Site of Friar's Gate..................................................................................................... 40 Kilmallock Town Walls Conservation and Management Plan Page ii Plate 26: Site of Water Gate (courtesy of S. McCutcheon) ................................................... 40 Plate 27: Site of Ivy Gate (courtesy of S. McCutcheon) ........................................................ 40 Plate 28: King’s Castle (interior).............................................................................................. 40 Plate 29: Blossom Gate ............................................................................................................ 40 Plate 30: Internal west wall (courtesy of S. McCutcheon)..................................................... 41 Plate 31: Views from King’s Castle ......................................................................................... 42 Plate 32: Information panel at King’s Castle .......................................................................... 43 Plate 33: Kilmallock Museum................................................................................................... 43 Plate 34: Inappropriate location of services........................................................................... 55 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Internal and external ownership details................................................................... 12 Table 2: Chronology.................................................................................................................. 28 Table 3: Comparator review ..................................................................................................... 45 Table 4: Criteria to assess significance.................................................................................. 47 Table 5: Levels of significance ................................................................................................ 48 Table 6: Action Plan .................................................................................................................. 74 Table 7: Index to the Gazetteer ................................................................................................ 75 APPENDICES Appendix A: Research Agenda Appendix B: Questionnaire Appendix C: Analysis of questionnaires and consultation Appendix D: Article by S. McCutcheon (2007) Appendix E: Structural survey record Appendix F: Strategic review Kilmallock Town Walls Conservation and Management Plan Page iii Acknowledgements