CAMPUSFLAVA.COM Your Academic Solutions Ground. WHATSAPP: 08039407882 [email protected] L & A Goldmine Solutions - CIT143 INTRODUCTION TO DATA ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT is associated with statistics that have been organized in Data tables. Data is associated with that have been organized in Statistics tables. Data is associated with statistics that have been organized Tables in . are created whenever someone uses communication symbols such as words, numbers and graphic images to represent Data ideas or information. Data The words, numbers and images are referred toas The idea or knowledge that someone seeks to represent with some Information words, numbers or images are called_ is the idea or knowledge that someone is able to infer Information from those words, numbers of images. A is any medium that has been used to convey data data source symbols dAantyamsoeudriucem that has been used to convey data symbols is called a Information are specific facts, truths and ideas Knowledge is a pool of interconnected facts, truths and ideas. aim to improve your knowledge of the principles of effective creation, organization and management of data, and to some Data organization and management extent, information and knowledge. Data are the symbols that people have used to communicate some ideas or knowledge to others. is concerned with the selection, combination, arrangement and formatting of symbols such as words, numbers and Data organization images to form data. The aim of is to facilitate effective storage, transfer, computation or interpretation of the data by either human beings or data organization machines. refers to the various activities that must be performed by individuals or organizations to ensure that only useful data are Data management created for conveying information Data management is concerned with the following that data are appropriately organized data analysis storage and retrieval that data are efficiently transferred across space and time as needed that data are effectively protected from loss or damage that data are properly interpreted Data management processes in the life-cycle are the following Data policy making Data definition and structuring Data collection and creation Data validation and quality control Data analysis and summarization Data storage and retrieval Data archiving and protection Data communication and transfer Data display and presentation refers to the process of making decisions about what Data policy-making data should be created and for what purpose. refers to the process of determining the formats in which Data definition and structuring data will be created, acquired, stored and transferred. refers to the process of actually creating or collecting data Data collection and creation in line with the data policies refers to the process of verifying and certifying that the data that have been created, collected or acquired from other sources meet certain minimum standards of accuracy and consistency. Data validation and quality control refers to the different processes for comparing and analyzing data, and for computing, aggregating and summarizing data into other data such as statistics, charts, maps, abstracts and Data analysis and summarization summaries. refers to the physical storage and retrieval of data from Data storage and retrieval different types of media, such as paper and computer media. has been the traditional medium for storing and Paper retrieving data and information. refers to the process of providing either special protection Data archiving and protection or secure long-term storage for extremely valuabledata. Data protection are often performed to ensure that data are protected from loss, theft or damage, and guarded from people who should not have access to the data. refers to the process of transporting data across space and time through different media such as documents and computer Data communication and transfer and telephone networks. refers to the process of displaying and presentingdata Data display and presentation for direct human perception and interpretation. Data display and presentation is a critical last stage in the data management cycle because it occurs at the point when data are seen or heard, and immediately interpreted to gain information. The aim of data management merges with those of information management at this stage because both aim to facilitate human access to, and interpretation of, data to obtain information. aims to facilitate the use of integrated ideas from different subjects to solve human problems thereby expanding Knowledge management knowledge further. activities aim to facilitate the cost-effective creation, Data management processing and transfer of data in different contexts. An may be described as a set of interdependent activities information system designed to provide data and/or information to people. Information systems aim to provide or facilitate access to data and information for a particular group of people, who may be researchers, managers, student or the public. A is defined as a set of mutually interdependent components all contributing toward the achievement of some goal or System objectives. All systems share the following features: Goals or objectives Sub-systems Environment Activities Products Resources Goals or objectives give direction to the activities of a system. are the mutually dependent components of a system. Sub-systems comprises all other systems that do not belong to a Environment particular system, and with which the system shares boundaries. A system usually must perform some physical in order Activity to achieve its goals and objectives. The activities of a system can usually be divided into two main types - physical activities, and communication and information activities. are required for performing physical and information Resources activities. The resources usually include tangible and intangible things, such as space, equipment, energy, finance, time and human effort. provide the settings within which data and information Information systems management activities are performed. Information systems perform the following functions Input Processing Storage Output Communication activities involves the inflow (i.e., input) of data to the Data input system from other systems. activities involves the transformation of data into more informative data, by aggregating, desegregating, summarizing and Data processing computing the data. entails storing the data temporarily or permanently Data storage before, during and after processing. entails sending out processed data and information from Data and information output the system to other systems (people, organizations, communities). Data and information communication entails the sending and receiving of data and information among the components of a system, as well as between the system and other systems in its environment. activities are invariably performed in connection with Data communication the input, storage, processing and output activities of systems. Scientists have methods for expressing quantitative information with scientific notation data called are designed to mimic human beings in terms of the ability to accept different combinations of alphabetical, numeric and other characters as input, and to produce these same characters as Computers output. is for entering alphabetical, numerical and special Keyboard characters is used for indicating and selecting options from menus Mouse displayed on a computer monitor Scanners are used for taking pictures of paper documents Digital cameras is used for taking photographs of objects Microphones are input device for sound and voice) The are designed to transmit sequences of combinations inputs devices of high and low electronic pulses. The input devices perform the task of detecting signals produced by the action a computer operator, such as the press of a key on the keyboard, or the movement of a mouse, or the clicking of a digital camera, or the act of speaking into a microphone. Ten The decimalsystem has symbols or digits (0, 1, 2... 9). Most computers use a binary coding system known as the American Standard Code for Information Exchange (ASCII) American National Standard Institute ANSI stands for American Standard Code for Information Exchange ASCII stands for A is a set of statements that describe the circumstances, objectives and constraints to be followed by people in an organization Policy or information system concerning a particular activity or issue. Data policies are usually formulated to ensure that only potentially useful data are created or acquired for processing and management by an organization or information system. is usually performed by different organizational units or Data collection systems components. A is a basic guide to action that sets the boundaries data policy within which data management activities are to take place. Unwritten A policy may be written or policy manual A written policy is usually referred to as a . A is a set of statements that describe the circumstances, objectives and constraints to be followed by people in an organization data policy or information system concerning data management activities. There are approaches to grouping or categorizing data Two NTheetwtyopreks of data structures or models are the hierarchical and The to data modeling is used to link groups of data in a hierarchical approach sort of parent child manner. The to data modeling is used to link groups of data in network approach many ways at the