Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2018 Building Process of Public-Private Dialogue During Major Reforms In Myanmar Thet Thet Khine Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Public Administration Commons, and the Public Policy Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Thet Thet Khine has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Mark Gordon, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Gary Kelsey, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Timothy Fadgen, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2018 Abstract Building Process of Public-Private Dialogue During Major Reforms in Myanmar by Thet Thet Khine MBA (Nanyang Fellows), Nanyang Business School, NTU, 2008 MBA, Institute of Economics, Yangon, 2004 MBBS, Institute of Medicine, Yangon, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University November 2018 Abstract Since 1962, Myanmar has experienced stagnant economic growth despite its rich natural resources, demographic strength, and being located at the crossroad of Asia. To improve policy and regulation, Myanmar’s private sector must advocate policy or administrative course of action to the government. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to evaluate the public-private dialogue (PPD) before and after the change of the government, and change of UMFCCI leadership during major reforms in Myanmar . Research questions were focused on the design, implementation, and benefits and risks of PPD. This qualitative case study, based on cross-sector collaboration theory, included semistructured interviews with 26 key participants who have deeply involved in the PPD building process since very beginning. Data were categorized for thematic analysis and the PPD building process was compared before and after April 2016 because there was a change of government and Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industries leadership. Findings included differing levels of conceptualization, capacity constraints, and the need to coordinate among development partners. Additionally, differing commitment level among local and foreign businesses indicated that creating the right conditions and being able to establish a collective purpose are important for successful cross-sector collaboration. This study contributes to positive social change for policy makers and collaborators interested in creating a positive regulatory environment through collaboration. Building Process of Public-Private Dialogue During Major Reforms in Myanmar by Thet Thet Khine MBA (Nanyang Fellows), Nanyang Business School, NTU, 2008 MBA, Institute of Economics, Yangon, 2004 MBBS, Institute of Medicine, Yangon, 1994 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University November 2018 Dedication I witnessed myself that it is worth it to enroll in the Ph.D. program on Public Management and Leadership to put myself in a better position to contribute to the development of our people and society at large. That was a rigorous academic challenge for me, and now I am pleased with sense of achievement to be a Ph.D. graduate from Walden University, as upgrading myself to work for our people for positive social change in my country. Acknowledgement I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Mark Gordon who walked me through my dissertation journey as committee chair, Dr. Gary Kelsey for being a dissertation committee member, and Dr. Timothy Fadgen as URR. My sincere thanks also go to the Chief Academic Officer of Walden University, Eric Riedel, Ph.D. for his approval on my dissertation. And, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my mom, Daw Khin Mya Mya; my husband, Dr. Aung Kyaw Win; and our daughter Thet Yadana Kyaw Win @ Grace Gloria Wan for their dedicated support to me throughout my Ph.D. journey. I missed my dad,U Khin Maung Thein who passed away 37 years ago, for his teaching to me in my young days to uphold education as my forever companion. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................2 Public-Private Dialogue Importance in Developing Countries .............................. 3 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................3 Purpose Statement ..........................................................................................................5 Research Questions ........................................................................................................6 Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................................6 Nature of the Study ........................................................................................................8 Significance....................................................................................................................8 Implications for Social Change ......................................................................................9 Summary .....................................................................................................................11 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................13 Introduction ..................................................................................................................13 Understanding Cross-Sector Collaboration .................................................................14 Definition of Cross-Sector Collaborations............................................................ 16 Rationale for Cross-Sector Collaboration ............................................................. 16 Types of Cross-Sector Collaboration and the Levels of Impact ........................... 17 Nature of Relationship .......................................................................................... 18 Collaborative Advantage ...................................................................................... 18 Challenges of Cross-Sector Collaborations .......................................................... 19 Precondition for Cross-Sector Collaborations ...................................................... 20 i Frameworks for Cross-Sector Collaboration ...............................................................21 The Three Elements of Strategy ........................................................................... 25 Stakeholder Expectations (Context Element) ....................................................... 26 Collaboration Level (Content Element) ................................................................ 26 Strategic Position .................................................................................................. 27 Power Imbalance ................................................................................................... 27 Communication Channels ..................................................................................... 28 Collaborative Mission ........................................................................................... 29 Strategic Management for Collaboration .............................................................. 29 Open Strategy for Collaboration ........................................................................... 30 Open Strategy for Value Cocreation ..................................................................... 30 Stakeholder Theory ......................................................................................................31 Open Strategy........................................................................................................ 31 Dimensions of Open Strategy in Multistakeholder Partnerships .......................... 32 Stakeholder Legitimacy ........................................................................................ 32 Goal Interdependence ........................................................................................... 33 Participatory Decision-Making ............................................................................. 33 Inclusiveness ......................................................................................................... 33 Phases of Public-Private Dialogue from the Public-Private Dialogue Handbook .........................................................................................................34 Phase 1: The Discovery